Chapter 8 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Answers to Review Questions

QUESTION 4: Kai decides to add color and keep his price the same. This will increase variable costs by $0.40 per issue. What will be the new unit volume (copies per issue) required to maintain $500 profits and cover the increased fixed and variable costs?

The change in the contribution margin for all the products is responsible for the change in profitability.

1- The total unit cost = Total Variable Cost + Production Fixed Expenses + Advertising Expense + Selling and Administrative Expense = 3.23 + 1.20 + 0.30 + 0.19 = 4.92.

Breakeven Analysis for Product Tylenol Approach 1 - Same price as Tylenol Approach 2a - Cheaper than Tylenol Approach 2b - Cheaper w/lowered trade cost $ $ $ $ Unit Cost (Variable Cost) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Trade Cost (Selling Price to Retailers) $ 1.69 $ 1.69 $ 1.05 $ 0.70 Fixed Cost (Advertising) 2,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 Break-Even Quantity [Fixed Cost/(Trade Cost-Unit Cost)] 1,834,862 5,504,587 13,333,333 60,000,000 Contribution Margin (Unit) 64% 64% 43% 14%

Note: You can assume that variable costs are constant so that the average of them is the variable cost relevant for a change in sales.

13. If the selling price is $22 per unit, what is the contribution margin per unit sold?

5. Determine the necessary sales in unit and dollars to break-even or attain desired profit using the break-even formula.

Because each product has a different contribution margin percentage, the volume required for each break-even point would be different and will not add up to the company’s overall break-even volume of 1,100,000 units; the overall break-even volume assumes that there is only one contribution margin percentage which is :

Break-even Dollar Volume = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin = $525,000 / 0.7111 = $738,282.40

The Gross Margin ratio represents the percent of total sales revenue that TCI retains after incurring the direct costs associated with producing the goods and services sold by them. It helps us distinguish, as much as possible, between fixed and variable costs. With a 20%, 15%, or 10% projected increase in sales, for 1996, we calculated TCI’s GM ratio to be 41.85% , and in 1997 to be 41.84%. This means that around 42% of TCI’s sales dollar is available to pay for fixed costs, like its potential long-term debt to MidBank, and to add to profits.

The $320,000, on the other hand, is a fixed cost associated with the proposed addition.

The revenue is $600,600*1.2= $720,720. The variable cost changes as sales increases and fixed cost stays the same, the gross profit is $175,500. After tax, the net income is $100,557.

In vertical analysis, it is easier to see elements as a percentage of Revenue. Between 2011-12, the portion that cost of sales takes in revenue has increased however, there is a bigger deterioration in distribution cost. In 2011, 9.21% of revenue remains as profit but in 2012 this figure decreases to 8.14%. Despite reduction in costs is one of the strategies of Ted Baker(part 1.4), analysis illustrates that costs increase each year.

Assessment of the supply market (who offers what?). Bottomline: Profit-Leverage Effect Consider a firm with revenue of $100m, purchases of $60m, and profit of $8m (before tax). A 10% reduction in purchase spend would result in an increase in profit of 75% -- a leverage of 7.5. 3. Total cost analyses (how much does it cost to provide those goods or services?).

2: PROFIT FORMULA: this portion describes how a firm can achieve its breakeven point to corresponding with focus customer?