1) Aerobic degradation of an organic compound by a mixed culture of organisms in waste water can be represented by the following reaction. C3H603 + a02 + BNH3 > CC5H,NO, + dH20 + eCO2 a) Determine a,b,c,d and e if Yx/s = 0.4 g X g/S. %3D b) Determine the yield coefficients Yx/0,andYx/NH3 Determine the degree of reductions for the substrate, bacteria and RQ for the organisms.
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- Aerobic degradation of an organic compound by mixed cultureof organism in wastewater can be represented by following reaction. C3H6O3 + a O2 + b NH3 → c C5H7NO2 + d H2o + e CO2 A. Determine a, b, c, d and e, if YX/S = 0.4 d X/g S. B. Determine the yield coefficients YX/O2 and YX/NH3. C. Determine the degree of reductions for the substrate, bacteria and RQ for the organismsi) Re-arrange the Michaelis Menten equation so it involves the ratio [S]. Show all steps beginning Km noting any assumptions or required conditions. Km ii) Calculate the ratio [lo for the case when the rate of product formation is 68% of Vmax and the substrate is in great excess. d[P] dt : k₂ with = [E],[S] Km+[S]' [S]o Km iii) Explain, in a few sentences, why the ratio determines the ratio V Vmax V Vmax Begin by explaining the meaning of stating simply "it's the ratio...." is not sufficient. Include in your explanation the factors that effect v and Vmax. Consider what factors make v different from or equal to Vmax. Consider what Km represents concerning processes involving ES. " iv) Calculate KM at 310K at given the following rate constant information: k₁ = 17 s-¹M-1 at 300K with A = 7300 s-¹M-1 K-1₁ 6 s¹ at 300K with A = 14500 s -1 k₂ = 31 s¹ at 300K with A = 600 s-¹Nicotiana tabacum cells are cultured to produce a polysaccharide gum. The reactor used is a stirred-tank reactor with an initial volume of 100 L. The maximum specific rate of growth of the culture is 0.18 d-1 and the yield coefficient of substrate in biomass is 0.5 gX/gS. The concentration of the limiting substrate in the medium is 3% (m/v). The reactor is inoculated with 1.5 g/L of cells and operated in batch until the substrate is exhausted, when the medium is fed with a constant flow rate of 8 L/d. The fed batch occurs in a quasi-steady state condition.a) Estimate the time of the batch step and the concentration of cells reached in this phase, considering exponential cell growth.b) The fed batch phase is carried out for a period of 40 days. What is the final concentration of cells in the reactor?c) The bioreactor is available for the process for 275 days a year, with an interval of 24 hours between each cultivation. What is the most advantageous operating mode for the process…
- A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HOCI5)) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The cell yield value is determined by dry weight analysis to be 1.49 for octadecane and 0.05 for pentachlorophenol. Using either octadecane or pentachlorophenol, please describe the steps taken (and the final result) showing what percentage of the substrate carbon will be found as cell mass and as CO2?A researcher is interested to test the antibacterial activity of a Philippine Plant crude extracts against Beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumonia isolated in a hospital setting. He will use the following concentrations of crude extract, 500mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 100mg/ml. Positive control: Tetracycline 10mg/ml and DMSO as the negative control. Given this research scenario kindly construct a research framework.a. From experimental data obtained in Figure 1, construct a plot and equation that determines the rate constant, kM, of the MOX activity in conditions A and B of growth culture of H. polymorpha on methanol. Justify the selection of plot and findings. b. From the data behaviour presented in Figure 1, describe the enzymatic activity of MOX. What factors may influence the enzymatic activity of MOX at different condition batch cultures of H. polymorpha.
- 1) Which of the following redox reactions would be expected to proceed as written? (Assume standard conditions; E°’ values are shown above.) A. Malate + NAD+ ® Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ B. Acetoacetate + NADH + H+ ® b-hydorxybutyrate + NAD+ C. Pyruvate + b-hydorxybutyrate ® Lactate + Acetoacetate D. Malate + Pyruvate ® Oxaloacetate + Lactate E. Acetaldehyde + Succinate ® Ethanol + Fumarate Half Reaction E°’ (V) Fumarate + 2 H+ + 2 e- ® Succinate 0.031 Oxaloacetate + 2 H+ + 2 e- ® Malate -0.166 Pyruvate + 2 H+ + 2 e- ® Lactate -0.185 Acetaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2 e- ® Ethanol -0.197 NAD+ + H+ + 2 e- ® NADH -0.320 Acetoacetate + 2 H+ + 2 e- ® b-hydorxybutyrate -0.346 2) Calculate the DE° for the reaction shown in option A question 1.As a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d-1. It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t10, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or td) of the plug flow reactor. Question: At a temperature of 5oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flowrate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramine Disinfection data in the table below can be used.The growth of a bacterium follows the Monod model with μmax=0.3 h-1, Ks=2.5 g/l and Yx/s=0.20gx/gs. Calculate the number of continuous mixing tank type bioreactors in series, with 10 L of useful capacity each, necessary for the limiting substrate conversion to be greater than 98%, considering that the system is fed with a flow rate of 2.5 L/ h and the substrate concentration in the feed is 30 g/L.
- An enzymatic reaction was carried out in a batch-operated reactor until exhaustion of the substrate. The formation of the product was monitored over time, obtaining the results shown in Table 1. Answer: a) Knowing that the initial substrate concentration was 0.2 M and that the stoichiometry reaction is: 1S –> 2P, estimate the substrate concentration over time from the data from [P] data in Table 1; b) Determine the parameters of the Michaelis-Menten equation, Vmax and Km, by fitting direct from the hyperbola function; c) Determine the parameters Vmáx and Km, by the linearized equation;A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HCl5O) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The cell yield value is determined by dry weight analysis to be 1.49 for octadecane and 0.05 for pentachlorophenol. Using either octadecane or pentachlorophenol, please describe the steps taken (and the final result) showing what percentage of the substrate carbon will be found as cell mass and as CO2? Please show all calculations.A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HOCl5)) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The cell yield value is determined by dry weight analysis to be 1.49 for octadecane and 0.05 for pentachlorophenol. Using either octadecane or pentachlorophenol, please describe the steps taken (and the final result) showing what percentage of the substrate carbon will be found as cell mass and as CO2? Please show all calculations and give correct answers.