16. The Type A Transferase enzyme, attaches N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to H-antigen epitopes; the Type B Transferase enzyme instead transfers galactose (Gal) to the H-antigen. Individuals with Type A blood thus have at minimum one copy of the active Type A Transferase, those with Type B have at minimum one copy of the active Type B Transferase, those with Type AB have one active copy of each, those with Type O have neither. Imagine an AB individual who acquires a mutation in their Type B Transferase gene that allows it to be active with either Gal or GalNAc. Make sure to include a brief justification for your answer to each question below. a. What blood type antigens would this individual express? b. If this individual had a child with a normal O partner, what possible blood type antigens could the child express? c. If this individual had a child with a homozygous dominant B partner (BB), what possible blood type antigens could the child express?

16. The Type A Transferase enzyme, attaches N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to H-antigen epitopes; the Type B Transferase enzyme instead transfers galactose (Gal) to the H-antigen. Individuals with Type A blood thus have at minimum one copy of the active Type A Transferase, those with Type B have at minimum one copy of the active Type B Transferase, those with Type AB have one active copy of each, those with Type O have neither. Imagine an AB individual who acquires a mutation in their Type B Transferase gene that allows it to be active with either Gal or GalNAc. Make sure to include a brief justification for your answer to each question below. a. What blood type antigens would this individual express? b. If this individual had a child with a normal O partner, what possible blood type antigens could the child express? c. If this individual had a child with a homozygous dominant B partner (BB), what possible blood type antigens could the child express?

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:RICE

Chapter14: Allergy: An Overview

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23RQ

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44. Which of the following is not true of the results of antigen-antibody binding? O Agglutination reducing the number of infectious particles to be phagocytosed Neutralization preventing toxins & viruses attaching to cellular receptors; and microbes from attaching via adhesins to mucosal surfaces Lysis (MAC), via activation by antibodies of all 5 immunoglobulin classes, of complement in the Classical pathway of complement activation, Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity permitting natural killer (NK) cells to recognize & kill antibody coated cells; & eosinophils to attack worms with attached IgE. All of the above are true
TABLE 6 | Correlation between immune markers and age. Marker NCI PAN LCI LP NK activity (lysis %) R Spearman -0.406 -0.305 -0.239 -0.204 -0.016 Р 0.004 0.035 0.101 0.165 0.913 NCI, Neutrophil Chemotaxis Index; PAN, phagocytic activity of neutrophils; LCI, Lymphocyte Chemotaxis Index; LP, lymphocyte proliferation; NK, natural killer. p is the associated value to the corresponding statistical test.
36) Autoantibodies associated with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus are() A Anti-Sm antibody B Anti-SSA antibody C Anti-cardiolipin antibody D Anti-dsDNA antibody E Anti-nRNPantibody
Match the term with its correct description Long, flexible molecule expressed on B-cells, macrophages and FDC which binds to C3d B-cell co-receptor Cognate pair Rapidly dividing cell which is going through somatic hypermutation Slowly dividing cell which searches for antigen match on FDC ✓Choose... CR2 Centrocyte CR2, CD19, CD81 TFH cell and B-cell which recognize same antigen Centroblast Choose... Choose... S
What are ABO blood-group antigens?
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You have a patient with abnormally high IgE antibodies. What are two scenarios that might lead to a high level of IgE antibodies? How would you find out which scenario is causing the increase in IgE?
Match the antibody isotype with its functional characteristics. Highly effective at activating complement, too large to get to infected tissues Crosses cells, including the placenta, neutralizes toxins Dimeric form crosses the intestinal epithelia using PlgR Crosslinking on the surface of the mast cell leads to degranulation and release of histamine Although the exact function of this isotype is unknown, we know it does NOT fix complement ✓Choose... IgD IgM IgG IgA IgE Choose...
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The class of immunoglobulins which can cross the placenta is -