5) The demand and supply curves for product X are given by D(P)=300-2P and S(P)=3P-100 respectively. Unfortunately, the production of X results in a negative externality with a constant external marginal cost of $5 per unit produced. Find the deadweight loss.
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A:
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- Lecture: Externality - Pigou8. All-Leather is a tanning company located on Lake Michigan in Chicago. Its total cost functionis C(QA) = 125 + 8QA + 5QA2, where QA is leather production per week in thousands of pounds.a) If leather sells for $408 per thousand pounds, how much leather will All-Leather produce?How much profit does All-leather earn?Enjoy is a beverage company located on Lake Michigan near All-Leather in Chicago. Enjoy’sproduction of beverages is negatively affected by water pollution from All-Leather’s productionof leather. Enjoy’s total cost function to produce beverages isC(QE) = 10QE +3QE2 + 3QA2where QE is Enjoy’s weekly production of beverages, in thousandsof gallons and, as above, QA is All-Leather’s weekly production of leather.b) Is this an example of a pecuniary externality or a real externality? Explain.c) What is the extra cost to Enjoy from an additional thousand tons of leather production by AllLeather (i.e., the external marginal cost of an extra unit of QA…The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is givenby Q=3P and Market Demand is given by Q=321-2P. Each extra unit ofplastican produced imposes a negative externality of $7. What is the(absolute value of) Deadweight Loss due to the externality?The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is givenby Q=7P and Market Demand is given by Q=455-2P. Each extra unit ofplastican produced imposes a negative externality of $8. Implement theoptimal Pigouvian tax/subsidy that implements the efficient outcome.
- The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is givenby Q=4P and Market Demand is given by Q=368-2P. Each extra unit ofplastican produced creates a positive externality of $5. What is theefficient quantity? Efficient quantity is determined by setting Marginal Social Costs(=Marg. Pvt. Cost + Marg. External Cost.) equal to Marg. SocialCost=MWTP which is captured by the Demand curve1) a. what is the profit maximizing quantity of the good for The industry (Q1) when it is not forced to consider the externality? The profit-maximizing quanity for the industry (Q1) is: b. what is the profit maximizing quantity for the representative individual firm (q1)?You have the following supply and demand curves for an industry: QSX = -100 + 3 * PX for PX >= $40 QDX = 300 – 2 * PX However, this industry causes pollution damage to third parties. Each quantity produced creates pollution that causes equal damage, such that the marginal external cost is a constant $20 per unit (MEC= $20). a) Calculate the price quantity combinations for both the perfectly competitive and the efficient solution. Graphically show both solutions as well. Make sure you label all curves and axes. b) What efficient tax would move the competitive market to the efficient solution?
- The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is givenby Q=8P and Market Demand is given by Q=417-3P. Each extra unit ofplastican produced imposes a negative externality of $7. What is theefficient quantity? Efficient quantity is determined by setting Marginal Social Costs(=Marg. Pvt. Cost + Marg. External Cost.) equal to Marg. SocialCost=MWTP which is captured by the Demand curve.1. Suppose the price of product X is reduced from $16.00 to $12.00 and, as a result, the quantity of X demanded increases from 300 to 450. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand for X in the given price range is: a. 1.4 b. 1.09 c. 0.7 d. 0.4 2. When a production externality has a harmful effect on a bystander at the market equilibrium: a. the social cost of production is lower than the private cost b. the private benefit from consumption is greater than the social cost of production c. society is likely to benefit from production taxes d. none of the above is true 3. Suppose people plant flowering trees near their homes to encourage rare native birds to feed. If people believe that ar increase in native bird populations is valuable, people who plant these trees: a. generate a negative production externality for their neighbours b. generate a positive production externality for their neighbours c. generate a negative consumption externality for their neighbours d.…The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is givenby Q=6P and Market Demand is given by Q=499-2P. Each extra unit ofplastican produced imposes a negative externality of $8. What is the totalcost of the externality at the market equilibrium?
- The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is givenby Q=4P and Market Demand is given by Q=455-3P. Each extra unit ofplastican produced imposes a negative externality of $Q. What is theefficient quantity?The marginal social cost (MSC) of an electricity generating plant that uses coal is estimated by a consulting firm to be MSC=3Q, where Q is the output. The consulting firm also provides an estimate of the supply schedule. The marginal private cost (MPC) is estimated to be MPC=Q. The demand is estimated to be P=60-2Q. Given these estimates, what is the impact of the externality? How large is the over- or underproduction? What is the socially optimal price? Is there over- or under-pricing? Discuss different methods to correct the externality and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Explain. In which sense is the Coase Theorem useful in helping to deal with negative externalities? State and explain the Coase Theorem.The marginal social cost (MSC) of an electricity generating plant that uses coal is estimated by a consulting firm to be MSC=3Q, where Q is the output. The consulting firm also provides an estimate of the supply schedule. The marginal private cost (MPC) is estimated to be MPC=Q. The demand is estimated to be P=60-2Q. Given these estimates, what is the impact of the externality? How large is the over- or underproduction? What is the socially optimal price? Is there over- or under-pricing?