6. Define and explain the following terms as applied to protective relaying: (i) Pick-up value (ii) Current setting (iii) Plug-setting multiplier (iv) Time-setting multiplier
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- Calculate the following. a) Expected voltage at “A” with switch SW1 open. b) Expected voltage at “A” with switch SW1 closed.FIrst 3 question answers are give below answer the last two partsanswers: 1) relay at C (CT ratio) = 40 : 1 relay at B (CT ratio) = 60 : 1 relay at A (CT ratio) = 40 : 1 2) TMS/A = 0.711 3) top = 1.48 sec ( relay will operate as per the fault current level.) i) Design appropriate CT ratios for CTA, CTB, and CTC. (ii) Estimate time of Operation for all three relays for maximum value of fault current to maintain the selectivity. (iii) Determine TSM for relays at bus A and B for maximum fault current. (Use the standard formula for IDMT relays for these calculations.) (iv) Also use the standard curves for IDMT relays shown in Figure 2 to select TSM for relays at bus A and B for maximum fault current. Compare results obtained in (ii) and (iv). Verify the design to ensure that selectivity is maintained at minimum fault current for the fault in the same zoneBelow figure shows a single line diagram of a portion of a radial distribution system. The PS of Relay 3 (R3) is 75% of CT Secondary and time setting multiplier is given 0.1. The CT ratio is given with each relay and fault current of each in bus bar is given in figure. PS for R1 and R2 is set at 100%. Determine the operating time of each relay. Consider 0.25 sec for time coordination time interval. R30.297 R2 = .475 R1 = .654 A B C ID 1000/1 R₁ 10,000 A 800/1 800/1 M R₂ R₁ 8000 A 6000 A 5000 A
- Describe how a fault in long cable can be detected and located using partial discharge technique High voltage engineeringQ3. In a % differential scheme, figure shown below, the two CTs have nominal ration of 100:1. The CT errors for a through fault current of 5000 A are as following: CT1 CT2 Ratio error: 10% 10% Phase angle error: 5% -5% Compute following: i) The spill current of the OC relay in the spill path. ii) If the relay is 50% biased, examine whether relay will trip or remain stable CT, CT Ir CB C.B. メx Egu inder NeA radial system shown in figure below is fed from a supply of 220 Volt. All impedance values are referred to 220V side (3 phase). When a three phase fault occurs at E, relay D will operate with 0.4 second longer than relay at E. Determine TSM (Time Setting Multiple) at A, B C and D by taking discrimination time (DT) equal to 0.4 second, and TSM at C is already set equal to 0.05. The protection data is as given in figure while IDMT relay characteristic is as in table.
- (d) The load current in a system is 100 A. The short-circuit current for the smallest fault is 1000 A. An over-current relay capable of carrying a current of 5 A continuously is to be used. (i) Suggest a suitable CT ratio. What will be the relay current for the smallest fault? (ii) (iii) Will the protective CT be able to faithfully reproduce the fault current?What are the possible faults in underground cables. Illustrate the methods of fault localization.Metal-Clad switchgear fuses, what they are and types, and IEEE and IEC standards.
- [Fill-in-the-blank] in dwelling units shall supply only loads within that dwelling unit or no loads associated only with that dwelling unit. Select one: a. None of these b. Ground-fault protection c. Service-entrance conductors d. Branch circuitsc.1. Which of the following is one of the three essential functions of an equipment grounding conductor?A. Provide an arc-fault current pathB. Establish groundingC. Establish bondingD. Ensure the system is groundedc.2. What's another name for the three-point method of Earth resistance testing?A. Fall-of-potentialB. Line surgeC. Spatial shieldingD. Leakage current c.3. If the National Electrical Code provides a requirement to ground equipment, it generally implies thatthere will be a direct connection to the Earth of a connection through a/anA. grounding electrode conductor.B. equipment grounding conductor.C. equipotential bonding conductor.D. bonding conductor.What can you say/perspective about National Electrical Code?
