(a) All of the IPv4 addresses in the three prefixes, 192.24.0.0/21 192.24.16.0/20 and192.24.8.0/22, should be sent to the Dublin router from New York in Fig. 4. Therouting process in Dublin performs aggregation.(i) Give the network prefixes in the New York router when aggregation has beenperformed.(ii) Explain how the Longest Prefix Match algorithm is used to deliver packets in thisscenario.192.24.0.0/21NewYorkDublin192.24.16.0/20192.24.8.0/22

The provided image includes a networking scenario with IP addresses and subnet masks, and asks two…

Answered: (a) All of the IPv4 addresses in the…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Consider four Internet hosts, each with a TCP session. These four TCP sessions share a common bottleneck link - all packet loss on the end-to-end paths for these four sessions occurs at just this one link. The bottleneck link has a transmission rate of R. The round trip times, RTT, for all fours hosts to their destinations are approximately the same. No other sessions are currently using this link. The four sessions have been running for a long time. i) What is the approximate throughput of each of these four TCP sessions? Explain your answer briefly. ii) What is the approximate size of the TCP window at each of these hosts? Explain briefly how you arrived at this answer.
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received all bytes up through byte 100 (including Byte 100) from A. Suppose Host A then sends two packets to Host B back-to-back. The first and second packets contain 40 and 80 bytes of data, respectively. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a packet from Host A. a. What is the sequence number of the first packet sent from Host A to Host B? What is the sequence number of the second packet sent from Host A to Host B? b. If the second packet arrives before the first packet, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving packet, what is the acknowledgment number? .
Problem 2. Consider a packet of L bits that is sent over a path of Q links (i.e., a source and destination connected by a sequence of (Q-1) routers or switches). Each link transmits at R bps. This packet is the only traffic transmitted by the network (so there are no queuing delays) and the propagation delay and processing delay at routers are negligible. How long does it take to send this packet from source to destination if the network is: a) a packet-switched datagram network b) a circuit-switched network. Assume that bandwidth of R bps on each link is sliced into five individual circuits, so that cach circuit receives (R/5) bandwidth. Also assume that the circuit setup time is t,.. Give an expression for the number of links Q such that the packet delivery from the sender to the receiver will be faster over the packet-switched network, and the expression for the number of links Q such that the circuit-switched network will be faster.
P27. Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number? If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number? If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number? Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B.…
Consider a router that interconnects three subnets: Subnet 1, Subnet 2, and Subnet 3. Suppose all of the interfaces in each of these three subnets are required to have the prefix 224.1.18/24. Also suppose that Subnet 1 is required to support at least 58 interfaces, Subnet 2 is to support at least 89 interfaces, and Subnet 3 is to support at least 13 interfaces. Provide three network addresses (of the form a.b.c.d/x) that satisfy these constraints.
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B backto-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. d. Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B. The first acknowledgment is lost and the second acknowledgment arrives after the first timeout interval. Draw a timing diagram, showing these segments and all other segments and acknowledgments sent. (Assume there is no additional packet loss.) For each segment in your figure, provide the sequence number and the number of bytes of data; for each acknowledgment that you add, provide the acknowledgment number.
Consider two hosts P and Q connected through a router R. The maximum transfer unit (MTU) value of the link between Pand Ris 1500 bytes, and between Rand Qis 820 bytes. A TCP segment of size 1400 bytes was transferred from P to Q through R, with IP identification value as 0x1234. Assume that the IP header size is 20 bytes. Further, the packet is allowed to be fragmented, i.e., Don't Fragment (DF) flag in the IP header is not set by P, Which of the following statements is/are correct? (a) Two fragments are created at R and the IP datagram size carrying the second fragment is 620 bytes. (b) If the second fragment is lost, P is required to resend the whole TCP segment. (c) TCP destination port can be determined by analysing only the second fragment. (d) If the second fragment is lost, R will resend the fragment with the IP identification value 0x1234
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B backto-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A.a. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number?b. If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number?c. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number?d. Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B. The…
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection. Host B has already received from Host A all bytes up through byte 23. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and the second segments contain 30 and 50 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 24, the source port number is 3000, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what arethe sequence number_________,source port number __________,and destination port number__________?B. If the second segment arrives after the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the second segment, what arethe acknowledgment number___________,the source port number__________,and the destination port number __________?C. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment,what is the acknowledgment number ___________?D.…
(a) There are total such subnet can have number of /17 subnets from a /11 service provider. Each of _number of hosts. (b) A network mask for an IP address in a 19 subnet has a binary representation which corresponds to an integer representation (e.g., a.b.c.d) (c) matched with _(source or destination – choose one) IP address from an IP packet is being _in a forwarding table at a router to forward packet to the next hop. (d) A distance vector routing algorithm assumes that each node know or knows – choose one) a complete network topology but (knows or does not know - choose one) (does not link cost to its neighbors. (e) An ARP Table is updated when a new node sends a frame with (what?). address to (what?). _nodes in a subnet.
Consider a router that interconnects three subnets: Subnet 1, Subnet 2, and Subnet 3. Suppose all of the interfaces in each of these three subnets are required to have the prefix 223.1.17/24. Also suppose that Subnet 1 is required to support up to 25 interfaces, Subnet 2 is to support up to 50 interfaces, and Subnet 3 is to support up to 75 interfaces. Provide three network addresses (of the form a.b.c.d/x) that satisfy these constraints
Consider a router that interconnects three subnets: Subnet 1, Subnet 2, and Subnet 3. Suppose all of the interfaces in each of these three subnets are required to have the prefix 223.1.17/24. Also suppose that Subnet 1 is required to support 70 interfaces, Subnet 2 is to support 40 interfaces, and Subnet 3 is to support 40 interfaces. Provide three network addresses (of the form a.b.c.d/x) that satisfy these constraints. Please provide a short discussion justifying your answer.

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