A ball (mass 0.25 kg) is attached to a string of length 26 cm (Figure 8-39). The ball is raised so that the string is taut and horizontal, and the ball is released so that at the bottom of its swing it undergoes an elastic head-on collision with another ball (mass 0.21 kg) that is free to roll along a horizontal table. (a) Just before the collision, what is the speed of the swinging ball? (b) Just after the collision, what is the speed of the 0.21 kg ball?

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.