be measured as an area} Surplus-public= 6. Assuming that individuals do not know each other marginal benefit, is it likely that at least some of them will free ride when asked to reveal their preferences and be charged accordingly? (Y/N) 7. Is public provision surely going to be at the efficient level? (Y/N) 8. In this setting, is private provision likely to be less efficient than public one? (Y/N)
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- According to a report from the US Census Bureau, "the average lifetime earnings of a full-time year round work with a high school education is about $1.2 million, compared to about $2.1 million for a college graduate. This indicates that there is a considerable benefit to a graduate from investing in his or her own education. Tuition at most state universities covers only about 2/3- of actual costs, so the state provides a subsidy to college education. If this subsidy is appropriate, is the externality created by the college education a positive or negative externality? What does this imply about the costs and benefits to the student as opposed to the costs and benefits to society in general? What are some reasons for the differences?Randland has a large number of people who are alike in every way. Seanchan has the same number of people, with the same average income as Randland, but the distribution of incomes is wider. Seanchan has a higher level of public goods provision. What could be the reasons for this disparity?The solar roof panel industry has really taken off in recent years. Homeowners typically will make the decision whether to purchase solar panels for their roofs based on the price of the solar panel and the perceived private benefit, which includes lower energy costs of powering their homes. In addition to the private benefits of solar roof panels, there are also large societal benefits in the form of reduced dependence on fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc.), which create more pollution than solar energy sources. Unfortunately, homeowners don't consider these societal benefits when deciding whether or not to purchase solar roof panels. 1. Assuming perfect competition, use the space below to graph the market for solar roof panels. The graph does not need to include specific numbers or values but should include: a) Clearly-labeled x- and y-axis b) A clearly-labeled supply curve c) A clearly-labeled private marginal benefit (or demand) curve d) A clearly-labeled social marginal benefit curve…
- Consider Susan who lives in a small town. A charity is planning to establish a public library in her town. Her total marginal benefit from the public library is MB=q(90-.6G½-.3g½), where G is the total number of books in the library, and g is her individual contribution, and q is the quality of the public library. How much would she contribute if others contribute 9,588 books, his perception of quality is q=⅓, and her marginal cost of giving is 10? Now assume that her contribution is tax-exempt and her marginal tax rate is 3%. How much would she contribute if others contribute 9,776 books, his perception of quality is q=⅓, and her marginal cost of giving is 10? Now assume that she realizes that 3% of her contribution goes to fundraising and other overhead costs. Her contribution is still tax-exempt, and her marginal tax rate is 3%. How much would she contribute if others contribute 9,693.25 books, her perception of quality is q=⅓, and her marginal cost is 10?A medical researcher is trying to cure a disease. For each unit of effort she puts into her work, she generates a utility benefit of 10 for each member of society. There are 1,000 people in society besides the medical researcher. The medical researcher doesn’t care about other people. She is in it for the glory. For each unit of effort she puts into her work, she gets a utility benefit of 1000 (which is inclusive of the 10 that she gets for being a member of society, plus a payoff of 990 in glory). If she exerts effort e, she also suffers cost e^2. (a) The medical researcher’s payoff from exerting effort e is 1000e − e^2. What level of effort, e∗, will she exert? (b) Suppose a policymaker who was a committed utilitarian (including caring about the medical researcher’s glory, since the medical researcher cares about it) was to choose the level of effort the medical researcher exerts. That policymaker would add up the total utility in society (including the medical researcher’s utility)…A medical researcher is trying to cure a disease. For each unit of effort she puts into her work, she generates a utility benefit of 10 for each member of society. There are 1,000 people in society besides the medical researcher. The medical researcher doesn’t care about other people. She is in it for the glory. For each unit of effort she puts into her work, she gets a utility benefit of 1000 (which is inclusive of the 10 that she gets for being a member of society, plus a payoff of 990 in glory). If she exerts effort e, she also suffers cost e^2. (a) Suppose a policymaker who was a committed utilitarian (including caring about the medical researcher’s glory, since the medical researcher cares about it) was to choose the level of effort the medical researcher exerts. That policymaker would add up the total utility in society (including the medical researcher’s utility) from any given level of effort and choose the level of effort that maximizes that aggregate utility. i. What (social)…
- Question 2 of 12, Step 1 of 1 1/12 Correct Consider a company that produtes Good A and Good B. The equation of the PPF is 9x + 3y² 18,900, where is the quantity of Good A and y is the quantity of Good B. This year, the company produces 30 units of Good A and 60 units of Good B. Then, a new technology allows the company to reduce the quantity of resources required for Good Aby 1.5 times How much of Good A will the company produce at the same quantity of Good B? If necessary, round any intermediate calculations to one decimal place, and round your final answer to the nearest whole number. Answer units Keypad Keyboard ShortcutsOne of the problems of allowing goods and services to be distributed solely by the market is that income is unequally distributed, especially here in the US. Why would the market produce an inadequate level of some goods and services, which society might view as critical for peoples’ well being, while at the same time, use a significant quantity of resources to produce goods and services that contributed little to society’s overall well being? Your answer should contain at least two examples of goods and services that are critical and inadequately produced and two examples of goods and services that are largely wasteful and overproduced (4 examples in total). Remember your answer should revolve around the distribution of income, and should be focused only on the United States.Two fish farmers are deciding how many fish to raise in a public access lake. The problem is that this lake is quite small and the oxygen and food needed for aquaculture is They quickly deplete if there are excess fish, thus reducing production. Let ya and yb the number of fish that each farmer raises. The unit value of each farmed fish is: V(ya, yb) = 200 − (ya + yb)2 (b) Find the private equilibrium of fish farming. Get the benefits of each aquaculturist and the added benefits.
- Consider the market for trees in a public park. These trees are a public good that give benefits to multiple groups of people, as described below. Each Marginal Willingness to Pay curve represents the aggregation of all the individuals in that group, and those groups make decisions collectively. Additionally, the cost of planting trees is given. Consider Q to be the number of trees in the park. Note that no one is ever worse off from additional trees. Arborists: MWTP = 2000 – 5Q Total WTP = 2000Q - 2.5Q2 Environmentalists: MWTP = 1500 – 10Q Total WTP = 1500Q – 5Q2 Casual Park Visitors: MWTP = 800 – 10Q Total WTP = 800Q – 5Q2 Park Haters: MWTP = 500 – 50Q Total WTP = 500Q – 25Q2 MC = 1400 Total Cost = 1400Q (a) If the government does not intervene into the market, how many trees will be planted? (b) What is the socially…Which of the following techniques is used by economists to value years of life saved by a highway safety program? Either measuring the increased income that it allows or trying to get those affected by the improved safety to reveal their willingness to pay for the reduced risk of death Trying to get those affected by the improved safety to reveal their willingness to pay for the reduced risk of death none of the other answers is correct, because economists believe that it is impossible to put a value on life Measuring the increased income that it allowsThere are a range of property rights regimes that are possible in agriculture. These range from a landowner who pays fixed wages to her farm worker and keeps all profits from working the land, all the way to a tenant who pays a fixed rental fee to the landowner and keeps all profits from working the land. Somewhere in the middle is a sharecropping arrangement where the landowner and tenant share the revenues from selling their crops (normally in equal proportion). Suppose the agricultural output of a plot of land depends on the inputs y of a landowner and the inputs x of a tenant. Output is given by Q = A[logx + logy] , where A = 10. The price received for the goods is p = 1, the cost of a unit of effort to the tenant is w = 1 and the cost to the landowner of a unit of her inputs is r = 2. Question:Suppose the landowner and the tenant share output in equal proportions. What will be the levels of x and y? What is total output?