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- This is question is from my micro biology class. 1. OUTLINE the steps that lead to the production of proteins from the genome of a double stranded RNA virus. List any PROCESSES involved and any ENZYMES.The dUTPase enzyme is used by the African swine fever virus to repair its own DNA, as the cells the virus infects in swine do not express the dUTPase protein. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the role of the dUTPase in the virus lifecycle? Explain your choice in 25 words or less. The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uracil should not be present in DNA The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine cannot correctly base pair with adenine-containing bases The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine has the wrong sugar component for building DNA More than one of the above answers is correct None of the above answers is correctThe rabies virus is a negative strand single stranded RNA virus, simply referred to as (-) ssRNA. Describe how this virus produce mRNA and replicates its genome.
- Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For examble, the adenovirus is responsible for the common cold in humans but your dog can't catch a cold from you. Why is this? The proteins on the virus surface can only bind with proteins on the correct host surface. It is an enveloped or non-enveloped virus. The enzymes carried by the virus are compatible with the host. The genome of the virus is made of DNA or RNA.Answer the following 1.Are viruses living or non-living organisms? 2. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? 3. HIV is classified as a retrovirus. What are retroviruses? 4. In your own words, provide a short summary of the HIV replication cycle. 5. Why is reverse transcriptase an important enzyme in the replication cycle of HIV? 6. In the chapter about enzymes, we have discussed how drugs are basically inhibitors. There are currently a multitude of Antiretroviral therapy (ART or ARV) options available to people living with HIV (PLHIV) so that the viral replication is suppressed and does not progress to AIDS. What do you think these drugs target? Discuss briefly. 7. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? 8. In your own opinion, do…present the chemical mechanism of the HIV protease. Discuss the mode of action of some inhibitors of this enzyme.
- Predict the replication step for the novel Miovirus. This virus was determined to have a dsRNA genome Draw out your prediction. Include any proteins/enzymes the virus will need to use, bring or express to carry out the replication. Indicate where it is likely for replication to occur in the host cell.Viruses with negative sense RNA genomes typically, make proteins by: (Ignore retroviruses, and the unusual characteristics of coronaviruses) Translation of short RNA transcripts generated by RDRP Generating a DNA copy, which is then transcribed by host RNA polymerase. Translation of the viral genome by host ribosomes. Production of a polyprotein, which must be cleaved into smaller proteins. Generating a negative sense genome copy, which is then translated by host ribosomes.1. Precise words:Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more preciseterms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify thissurprising effect.(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words:Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases withsimpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted forby the fact that different conditions were used.(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we…
- Fill in the blanks. The parentheses represent the choices for the blank. Scientists already knew that a special type of virus called a bacteriophage inserts genetic information into a bacterial cell in order to force the bacterial cell to make more bacteriophage viruses. What scientists did not know, however, was whether that genetic information is carried by the (proteins, DNA) covering the outside of the bacteriophage virus or by the (proteins, DNA) inside the bacteriophage virus.Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. The graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. Imagine that the experiment was then allowed to run for 500 minutes in addition to five minutes? How would the relative uptake of the spike protein into the control siRNA cells compare after 500 min to the 5 minute treatment? Options: 500 min time point would…Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. THe graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. From the above figure, you can conclude what about the process that allows the SARS CoV-2 virus entry into the cell? Options: The spike protein is not involved in cell entry, contrary to popular belief This is evidence for clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the…