explain the meaning and physiology of sodium potassium pump at Renin angiotensin aldosterone system 1. Sodium Potassium Pump 2. RAAS 3. 3. Regulation Of Body Fluid a. A. Kidney b. Endocrine c. 3.Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) d. GI regulation e. Heart Blood Vessel f. Lungs 4. Anti diuretic Hormone disorder a. SIADH b. Diabetes Insipidus
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- Explain the following 1. Sodium Potassium Pump 2. RAAS 3. Regulation Of Body Fluid a. A. Kidney b. Endocrine c. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) d. GI regulation e. Heart Blood Vessel f. Lungs 4. Anti diuretic Hormone disorder a. SIADH b. Diabetes Insipidus1. A severely dehydrated patient is admitted to the Emergency Department. Which of the following would NOT be elevated in this patient? A. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B. Plasma renin C. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D. Sympathetic nervous 2. When ADH levels increase: A. the amount of water reabsorbed increases. B. the amount of water reabsorbed decreases. C. the DCT becomes impermeable to water. D. sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions.24. Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is quite different from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) although both produce large volumes of dilute urine output. DI can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT. a. voluntary drinking of excess (unneeded) water b. end stage kidney failure/disease c. a tumour of the hypothalamus d. a head injury causing elevated intra-cranial pressure e. no exception, all answers (a-d) are possible causes of DI
- They following class of medications is the treatment of choice for diabetic nephropathy:A. AngioprotectorsB. ACE inhibitorsC. Non-selective beta blockersD. Selective beta blockersE. Alpha blockers1. when ADH level is excessive, the plasma concentration of sodium is __ while water retention is ___ a. none of these b. increased, increased c. increased, decreased c. decreased, increased d. decreased, decreased 2. Which of the following electrolyte is not measured in the laboratory? a. Inorganic phopshate b. potassium c. Magnesium d. Ionized calcium e. Organic Phosphate 3. In diabetic ketoacidosis. magnesium level renal excretion is __ while the plasma level is __ a. none of the choices b. decrease, decrease c. increase, decrease d. decrease, increase e. increase, increasea person with hypertension is given an angiotensin receptor blocker. identify the effects of this drug. CHECK ALL THAT APPLY a. decreased sodium reabsorption from the distal tubule and collecting duct b. increased thirst c. increased water reabsorption d. vasodilation
- 4. Hormones: Matching Parathyroid hormone, Aldosterone Calcitriol Antidiuretic hormone Atrial natriuretic peptide Angiotensin II Erythropoietin A. Stimulated by high blood volume. This hormone causes mesangial cells in the glomerulus to increase capillary surface area to increase filtration rate. Also increases excretion of sodium in urine and thus diuresis. B. Stimulated by low plasma levels of calcium. This hormone targets the distal convoluted tubule to increase reabsorption of calcium. C. Stimulated by low circulating red blood cells. Secreted by kidneys to stimulate erythropoiesis by red bone marrow. D. Stimulated by low blood volume/pressure. This hormone causes constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles to decrease filtration rate. Also increases reabsorption of sodium, other solutes, and water. E. Active Vitamin D produced by kidneys to increase dietary absorption of calcium. F. Stimulated by angiotensin II and high plasma levels of potassium. This hormone causes…which hormone will decrease venous return by decreasing blood volume select all that apply a. anginostien ii b. aldosterone c. atrial natriuretic peptide d. antiduretic hormoneA patient has an ADH-secreting pulmonary carcinoma (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion). As a result of unregulated ADH secretion, you would expect to find: a. retention of water resulting in volume expansion b. low urinary osmolality c. increased renal sodium reabsorption d. high serum sodium concentration e. b and c A 25-year old woman develops a nonfunctional hypothalamic tumor that results in a complete inability to produce oxytocin. The most likely pathological response to this deficiency is: a. inability to ovulate b. amenorrhea c. hypertension d. inability to lactate normally e. inability to deliver a child vaginally
- 4. Caffeine inhibits the secretion of ADH. Prior to an exam, you have a large coffee. During the exam, you can expect a. greater water reabsorption from the collecting duct. b. less water reabsorption from the collecting duct. c. an increase in reabsorption of glucose from the proximal convoluted tubule. d. a decrease in reabsorption of glucose from the proximal convoluted tubule.3. which of the following will cause validation and make sure that the blood pressure will go back to normal after dehydration a. none of the choices b. angiotensin II c. aldosterone d. ADH e. ANP 4. calcium : primary hyperparathyrodism, Chloride: metabolic cirrhosis a. first increased, second decreased b. both increased c. both decreased c. first decreased, second increased 5. the principal determinant of potassium excretion in the kidney a. collecting duct b. ascending loop of henle c. distal convoluted tubule d. non of the choices e. proximal convoluted tubulewhen atrial natriuretic peptide is injected into an experimental animal, which of the following is an acute physiologic response? A. decreased blood pressure B. decreased heart rate C. increased renin release D.increased sodium and water reabsorption by the kidney . E, systemic vaso