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- What is Mendel's Cross? Can you shre practical life aplications related to this?What do you know about individual III-1's mother? II II IV O Shehad the trait. She was a carrier. She was homozygous recessive. She was homozygous dominant.Francis Galton, a geneticist of the pre-Mendelian era, devised the principle that half of our genetic makeup is derived from each parent, one-quarter from each grandparent, one-eighth from each great-grandparent, and soforth. Was he right? Explai
- A corn geneticist wants to obtain a corn plant that hasthe three dominant phenotypes: anthocyanin (A), longtassels (L), and dwarf plant (D). In her collection ofpure lines, the only lines that bear these alleles are AALL dd and aa ll DD. She also has the fully recessive lineaa ll dd. She decides to intercross the first two and testcross the resulting hybrid to obtain in the progeny aplant of the desired phenotype (which would have to beAa Ll Dd in this case). She knows that the three genesare linked in the order written, that the distance between the A/a and the L/l loci is 16 m.u., and that thedistance between the L/l and the D/d loci is 24 m.u.a. Draw a diagram of the chromosomes of the parents,the hybrid, and the tester.b. Draw a diagram of the crossover(s) necessary toproduce the desired genotype.c. What percentage of the testcross progeny will be ofthe phenotype that she needs?d. What assumptions did you make (if any)?. Tay-Sachs disease is a rare human disease in which toxic substances accumulate in nerve cells. The recessiveallele responsible for the disease is inherited in a simpleMendelian manner. For unknown reasons, the allele ismore common in populations of Ashkenazi Jews ofeastern Europe. A woman is planning to marry her firstcousin, but the couple discovers that their sharedgrandfather’s sister died in infancy of Tay-Sachsdisease.a. Draw the relevant parts of the pedigree, and showall the genotypes as completely as possible.b. What is the probability that the cousins’ first childwill have Tay-Sachs disease, assuming that all peoplewho marry into the family are homozygous normal?In Mendel’s 1866 publication as shown in Figure 1-4,he reports 705 purple-flowered (violet) offspring and224 white-flowered offspring. The ratio he obtained is3.15:1 for purple: white. How do you think he explainedthe fact that the ratio is not exactly 3:1?
- A cross between two pea plants, both of which grewfrom yellow round seeds, gave the following numbersof seeds: 156 yellow round and 54 yellow wrinkled.What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Yellowand round are dominant traits.)If you try to throw a basketball into a basket, the likelihood ofsucceeding depends on the size of the basket. It is more likely thatyou will get the ball into the basket if the basket is bigger. In yourown words, explain how this analogy applies to the idea that thelikelihood of crossing over is greater when two genes are far apartthan when they are close together?Mendel studied a tall variety of pea plants with stemsthat are 20 cm long and a dwarf variety with stems thatare only 12 cm long.a. Under blending theory, how long would you expectthe stems of first and second hybrids to be?b. Under Mendelian rules and assuming stem lengthis controlled by a single gene, what would you expectto observe in the second-generation hybrids if all thefirst-generation hybrids were tall?
- The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards. a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants? b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?. In 1919, Calvin Bridges began studying an X-linkedrecessive mutation causing eosin-colored eyes inDrosophila. Within an otherwise true-breedingculture of eosin-eyed flies, he noticed rare variantsthat had much lighter cream-colored eyes. By intercrossing these variants, he was able to make a truebreeding cream-eyed stock. Bridges now crossedmales from this cream-eyed stock with true-breedingwild-type females. All the F1 progeny had red (wildtype) eyes. When F1 flies were intercrossed, the F2progeny were 104 females with red eyes, 52 maleswith red eyes, 44 males with eosin eyes, and14 males with cream eyes. Assume that thesenumbers represent an 8:4:3:1 ratio.a. Formulate a hypothesis to explain the F1 and F2results, assigning phenotypes to all possiblegenotypes.b. What do you predict in the F1 and F2 generations if the parental cross is between truebreeding eosin-eyed males and true-breedingcream-eyed females?c. What do you predict in the F1 and F2 generationsif the parental cross is…A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits genetic researchbrought with him two true-breeding lines of frogs. One frogline croaks by uttering “rib-it rib-it” and has purple eyes. Theother frog line croaks by muttering “knee-deep knee-deep” andhas green eyes. He mated the two frog lines, producing F1 frogsthat were all utterers with blue eyes. A large F2 generation thenyielded the following ratios: 27/64 blue, utterer12/64 green, utterer9/64 blue, mutterer9/64 purple, utterer4/64 green, mutterer3/64 purple, mutterer Question: Assign gene symbols for all phenotypes, and indicate the genotypes of the P1, F1, and F2 frogs.