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- 2. Assume a bond with the following characteristics: face value = $1000; maturity = 5 years; N yearly coupon payments = $100. a. If the current price of this bond is $850, state what the formula is to calculate the bond's yield to maturity and state the range of interest rates where the yield to maturity should fall b. If you purchased this bond at face value and held it for 1 year, when you resold it for $850, what is the bond's rate of return?The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, andtwo years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of£) as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantitydemanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond asthe interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate? d) Suppose that the bond trades at premium. Is there excess demand or supply? Explain.e) There is a business cycle expansion, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, thenew demand curve is given by: D = 4000 + X − 2P, whereas the new supply curve is S =2P + 200. For which values of X will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of X arein line with empirical data?The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, andtwo years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of£) as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantitydemanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond asthe interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate?
- O If the market interest rate (i) increases today, the Price of a Bond (P) today will decline. The following are correct statements about the impact of Market Interest Rate (i*) on value and return of a typical Coupon Bond, EXCEPT: The YTM of a Bond and the Market Interest Rate (i*) are the same value, even in the Short Term. O For a long term bond, if the Market Interest rate (i*) is expected to increase, the current Price of such Bond will Decline. For a two period Bond, if the Market Interest rate (i*) is expected to increase in the next period, the Expected Total Return (RET) on such bond will decline. Long Term Bonds are considered more risky than Short Term bonds, in part due to the risk associated to changes in future interest rates.Economics What is the probability of default if the risk premium demanded by bond holders is 2% and the return on the riskless bond is 5% (round to the nearest decimal point) Savet a. 1.9% b. All of the answers here are incorrect Oc 1.3% Od. 21% Oe2.8%The remarkable thing about the events described in the article is that the yield an the 3-month T-bill was briefly negative. To see how this could haroen, consider the relationship between bond prices and bond yields. A 3-month T-bill with a maturity value of $1,000 is just a piece of paper that entities the holder to $1,000 in three months. For example, if you were to buy a 3-month T-bill on September 24, 2008, with a maturity value of $1,000 and 90 days left to maturity, the U.S. government would pay you $1.000 on December 23, 2008. In general, the price of a bond is less than its maturity value. That is, if you are going to give up a certain amount of money for the duration of the bond, you expect to be paid for this loss of liquidity and compensated for inflation that could reduce the value of the repayment at the end of the period. Therefore, a piece of paper entitling you to $1,000 on December 23 would usually be worth less than $1,000 on September 24. The yield on a bond is a…
- 6. An investor purchases a 30-year U.S. government bond for $840. The bond’s couponrate is 10 percent and, it still had twelve years remaining until maturity. If the investorholds the bond until it matures and collects the $1000 par value from the Treasuryand his marginal tax rate is 25 percent (we assume that the bond is taxable), what willbe his after-tax (effective) yield to maturity? Make sure to show your work.Bond A pays $8,000 in 20 years. Bond B pays $8,000in 40 years. (To keep things simple, assume that theseare zero-coupon bonds, meaning the $8,000 is theonly payment the bondholder receives.)a. If the interest rate is 3.5 percent, what is the valueof each bond today? Which bond is worth more?Why? (Hint: You can use a calculator, but the ruleof 70 should make the calculation easy.)b. If the interest rate increases to 7 percent, what isthe value of each bond? Which bond has a largerpercentage change in value?c. Based on the example above, complete the twoblanks in this sentence: “The value of a bond[rises/falls] when the interest rate increases,and bonds with a longer time to maturity are[more/less] sensitive to changes in the interestrate.”Consider price quotes and characteristics for two different bonds:Bond A Bond BCoupon Payment Annual AnnualMaturity 3 years 3 yearsCoupon Rate 10% 6%Yield to Maturity 10.65% 10.75%Price 98.40 88.34At the same time, you observe the spot rates for the next three years:Term Spot (Zero-Coupon) Rates1 year 5%2 years 8%3 years 11%Demonstrate whether the price for either of these bonds is consistent with the quotedspot rates. Under these conditions, recommend whether Bond A or Bond B appears tobe the better purchase.
- . What are the various factors that affect the cost ofmoney and hence interest rates? How will changesin these components affect asset prices?4. Tompton has estimated that near the point of equilibrium, the demand curve and sunnly oum for bonds can be estimated using the following equations: Bd: Price = -2 Quantity + 850 BS: Price = Quantity + 600 a. What is the expected equilibrium price and quantity of bonds in this market? b. Given your answer to part (a), which is the expected interest rate in this marketoThe demand ? (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value ?? = 1000, and two years to maturity as a function of its price ? is ? = 4000 − 2?. The supply in (billions of £)asafunctionofthepriceofthebondis ? = 2?+ 400. There is a business cycle expansion, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, the new demand curve is given by: ?=4000+?−2? ,whereas the new supply curve is ?=2? + 200. For which values of ? will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of ? are in line with empirical data?
