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4. How many moles of ATP would be formed from 10.5 moles of NADH and 6.75 moles of FADH₂ during electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
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- Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a. electron transfer phosphorylation b. acetyl-CoA formation c. Krebs cycle d. glycolysis e. a and d6. Fill in the blanks and select the correct option [A/B/C] in the paragraph below. Although both NADH and FADH₂ bring high-energy electrons to the ETC, ultimately they produce different amounts of [ H₂O / ATP /0₂]. NADH is [oxidized / reduced] by NADH reductase resulting in 2 H*/protons being pumped from the to the [2/4/6] FADH₂ gives its electrons to [ ubiquinone / cytochrome c] which means that only [2/4/6] H*/protons are pumped. All electrons are eventually accepted by which produces water/H₂O. Ultimately, each NADH is responsible for the production of about [2/3 /4] ATP while FADH₂ makes [2/3/4] when the potential energy of the electrochemical gradient moves [ protons/electrons ] back into the matrix using the enzyme1. When combined with the electron transport chain, ONE turn of the citric acid cycle produces ___________ATP. The citric acid cycle is shown below. 2. When all the NADH coenzymes generated from ONE turn of the citric acid cycle enter the electron transport chain, how many ATP molecules are produced?
- 3. Distinguish the correct statements about oxidative phosphorylation. I. 1 poir Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by transferring phosphate group directly to ADP molecule. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from sunlight. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from glucose. IV. Oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP synthase. A. I & II O B. I & II O C. II & IV D. III & IV pc FATD17. What is the Net total of ATP made during Electron Transport?18. What is the Net total of ATP made during the entire process of Cellular Respiration?19. What are the supermolecules NADH and FADH2 needed for?20. Which of the 3 processes will NADH and FADH2 be utilized?16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ++ FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ 16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ+ + FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ →→→→4cyt c (Fe²+) + Show Transcribed Text → 4cyt c (Fe²+) +
- 21. Based upon the following reactions, what would be the AG" for the formation of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP? ATP → ADP + Pi phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate + Pi AG" = -31.5 kJ/mol AG"=-62.2 kJ/mol22. Which pathway will result in the production of four carbon dioxide molecules, two ATP molecules, NADH2 and FADH2? Group of answer choices oxidative phosphorylation Krebs cycle glycolysis pyruvate oxidation3) Compare and contrast the THREE ways that ATP can be phosphorylated in this unit: Oxidative, Substrate-Level and Photophosphorylation. Include where they take place and how the energy ultimately gets transferred to the ATP.
- 18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrion A NADH H,0 H* ΑΙΡ ADP Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ΔΔ Chloroplast H2O H+ NADP+ NADPH H*. AA ΑΙΡ ADP P; Thylakoid Membrane A Hydrogen ion O Electron The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions? (A) Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules? (B) What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems? (C) What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP? (D) What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts?10 9 P production (mmoles/min) 8 7 6 5 4 Active 10 9 15. Based on what happens to the proton gradient, what happens to the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria affected by cyanide? 0 Intermembrane space Matrix 16. The graph below represents ATP production by an active mitochondrion (0-2 hours) before it is exposed to cyanide. Complete the graph below to show what you trend you expect to see with ATP production (2 - 5 hours) after cyanide is added. Effect of DNP on mitochondrial ATP production Status of the mitochondria Cyanide DNP Time (h)4. Two chemical reactions also contribute to the generation of the electrochemical gradient. What are the reactions, where do they occur, and why do these factors affect the gradient? 5. The electrochemical gradient can be utilised by ATP synthase to generate ATP - explain how the location and structure of ATP synthase enable it to perform this function. e) The light reactions of photosynthesis generate ATP and NADPH for use in the dark reactions (i.e., the Calvin cycle). Why are they needed?