Q: How do we know that intergenic exchange occurs in bacteriophages?
A: Bacteriophages are the type of viruses which infects the bacteria and have a DNA or RNA molecule in…
Q: What is the role of the origin of transfer during F+- and Hfr-mediated conjugation? What is the…
A: Conjugation is a process of transfer of genetic material between two bacteria. This transfer can…
Q: Would the oligonucleotide primers used in Lab 3 to detect the GFP transgene and GFP MRNA also detect…
A: Plants can spread mRNA silencing from cell to cell as well as over greater distances from roots to…
Q: In Griffith's experiment, the S type bacteria are harmless, but can be transformed into the…
A: In Griffith's experiment, there was a mix of heat-killed S-strain bacteria with live, harmless…
Q: Hfr strains chosen for use in conjugation studies have the locus that controls antibiotic or phage…
A: Introduction :- Most of the bacteria have plasmid , as the extra Chromosomal and self-replicating…
Q: How do we know that during transduction bacterial cell-to- cell contact is not essential?
A: Transduction is a process of genetic recombination by which a foreign DNA is transferred into a…
Q: What will happen if the parts of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes' parts change specifically the (…
A: Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid polypeptide that is found in a eukaryotic cell. ubiquitin is served…
Q: What types of matings are possible between F+, F−, Hfr, and F′ cells? What outcomes do these matings…
A: The F+, F-, Hfr and F’ bacterial cells mate through the process of conjugation. Conjugation is the…
Q: Discuss the lysogrnic induction of bacteriophage lambda in coli cells
A: Viruses are microbes that have both living and non-living characteristics. They are obligate…
Q: Why are vent polymerase and Pfu more efficient than the Taq polymerase?
A: Polymerase is an enzyme that forms nucleic acids’ long chains. The RNA and DNA polymerase are used…
Q: What are the functions of relaxase, coupling factor, and the exporter in the process of conjugation?
A: Transferring of genetic material from one bacteria to another by direct contact Relaxase enzyme…
Q: What primers set should we use for Sequencing on Hemaglutinin and Neuraminidase of H5N1?
A: Influenza is a viral infection that affects mainly the respiratory systems. Influenza A virus…
Q: How might the technique of affinity chromatography be used to purify lectins ?
A: Lectin is a protein that can recognize carbohydrates and can bind to them. Affinity chromatography…
Q: what. is the hypothetical genetic control mechanism and iron acquisition system that C.diphtheriae.…
A: Diphtheria can infect the respiratory tract skin.
Q: In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an…
A: Transduction is a process of gene transfer in which DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from a source is…
Q: General recombination occurs in bacteria where it is involved in several types of intermicrobial DNA…
A: Genetic refers to relating to the genetic material. The genetic material of a cell is the DNA…
Q: In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage T4, what is the significance of the value…
A: Seymour Benzer developed an experimental system around 1950s for analyzing various subparts of a…
Q: What is the difference between a l insertion vector such as lgt11 and a l replacement vector?
A: Vector in molecular biology is a DNA molecule which carries foreign genetic material into foreign…
Q: Why is the catalase test useful for the differentiation of staphylococci from streptococci?
A: Bacteria are classified into two categories gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.…
Q: What advantage do quorum-sensing systems confer onbacterial cells?
A: Quorum sensing is a way of communication between cells. It is a signaling pathway. Quorum sensing is…
Q: what is the purpose of arabinose for the gfp gene?
A: Arabinose is a constituent of many biopolymers that make up the plant cell walls.it is a…
Q: The strain of λ phage t is cI857. That tells you that the cI DNA segment is disabled by a specific…
A: Lambda phage exhibits a lytic or lysogenic cycle depending on the expression of certain genes.
Q: Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map…
A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…
Q: What is the toxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 that was encode by phage as a consequence of lysogenic…
A: E. coli is a gram-negative bacillus and some of its strains have evolved into pathogens. One of…
Q: In a heteropolymer experiment using 1/2C:1/4A:1/4G,how many different triplets will occur in the…
A: Introduction: Heteropolymer protein is one that has different kinds of amino acids. Triplets…
Q: For E. coli strains with the lac genotypes show below, use a plus sign (+) to indicate the synthesis…
A: Lactose operon is an inducible operon in prokaryotes. the operon is the gene regulation system in…
Q: The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes encoding proteins that make up the head, collar,…
A: Bacteriophages are the group I viruses that have double-stranded DNA as their genome.
Q: describe how the exercise of streaking a loop full of lytic T4-phage suspension over a petri dish…
A: Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; each bacteriophage has a specific…
Q: Why are regulatory mutants used to increase the production of glutamic acid by Corynebacterium…
A: Corynebacterium glutamicum is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria of the Corynebacteriaceae family…
Q: In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an…
A: Gene transfer is the process of insertion of unrelated DNA into cells. There are three mechanisms of…
Q: What is the purpose of Southern's blotting technique? Explain in detail the biochemical principle…
A: The purpose of Southern blotting technique is to identify specific DNA from the mixture of other…
Q: What is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead…
A: Phages cannot reproduce on their own as they use their biological machinery in the host cell for…
Q: Can you give an example of a modified (tagged) primers to amplify E. coli UidA sequence and subclone…
A: Few important points to know . Which are as follows: Vector is DNA molecule that act as…
Q: What bacterial phyla are known to contain dissimilativesulfate-reducers?
A: The sulfate reducing microbes exhibits a wide range of biochemical and morphological diversity.…
Q: A pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice…
A: Bacteria can be defined as minute living organisms which cannot be visible in naked eyes. These…
Q: In a particular species, the gene for the kappa light chain has 200 V segments and 4 J segments. In…
A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…
Q: What type of DNA changes are there for c.316-106C>G mutation. Is it pathogenic?
A: This is showing a type of mutation in which cytosine has been converted into guanine. Cytosine is a…
Q: What is the frequency of loss-of-function mutations in ADE2 when specific (HDR) and non-specific…
A: Each pathway, including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), resulted in a 50% reduction in…
Q: What would happen to the ability of bacteriophage λ tolyse a host cell if it acquired a mutation in…
A: lambda phage or Escherichia virus Lambda is a bacteriaophage that infects E.coli. The virus is able…
Q: What is the radioactive decay process of Isotype IgA?
A: Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules, which are produced by the plasma cells. They act as a…
Q: By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: How many diff erent heavy chain variable regions can theoretically be generated by somatic…
A: Somatic recombination is a recombination process where immune cells (B, T) of the adaptive immune…
Q: Given what we've discussed in class, what will be most likely outcome if you conjugate an…
A: Here Organism one = Streptomycin Resistant, Ampicillin Sensitive , F-ve Organism two= Streptomycin…
Q: antibodies were produced in a rabbit against a 25 KDa human soluble protien. when the rabbit…
A: In western blotting, the target protein is recognized by a synthetic antibody, called a primary…
Q: By conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the…
A: Horizontal gene transfer, also known as lateral gene transfer, is a process in which one bacterium…
Q: In what ways does the double helix explain the essential properties of a gene? What are Chargaff’s…
A: DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a kind of deoxyribonucleic acid.DNA is a polymer made up of two…
Q: A transduction experiment was carried out to map the his and leu genes, which are involved in amino…
A: Transduction:- A process of genetic recombination in bacteria in which DNA is transferred from one…
- How would you have to modify the diagram of IgG to depict an IgA molecule isolated from saliva?
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- In BLOSUM62 matrix, a conserved Tryptophan position has score S(W,W) = 11, but a conserved Leucine position has score S(L,L) = 4. Give at least one reason why these values differ.Why nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is helpful ?A bloactlve hexapeptide was cleaved by trypsln from a larger proteln. The peptlde was sequenced by treatment with varlOus reagents and enzymes. The results are as follows: a) Treatment with cyan0gen bromlde gave a tetrapeptlde of compositlon asp, trp, cys and met. b) Treatment with chymotrypsln gave a tripeptlde of compositlon asp, trp and cys, a dipeptlde wlth the same C-term and an amlno acld. c) Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a dipeptlde and a tetrapeptlde. The composltion of the peptlde Is lys, trp, asp, cys and met 1. What Is the sequence of the hexapeptlde? 2. What is the pl of thls peptlde?
- What secondary structures are most prevalent in SHBG protein?In Figure 1-8b, can you tell if the number of hydrogenbonds between adenine and thymine is the same as thatbetween cytosine and guanine? Do you think that aDNA molecule with a high content of A + T would bemore stable than one with high content of G + C?Each type of molecule listed below is recognized by a specific class of nuclear import receptor (importin) or nuclear export receptor (exportin). For each type of molecule, state whether you think it is recognized by an importin or exportin and explain why (in terms of where that molecule is synthesized, what that molecule does, and where it does it). (a) RNA polyermase II: (b) ribosomal protein: (iii) †RNA:
- A bloactlve hexapeptide was cleaved by trypsln from a larger proteln. The peptlde was sequenced by treatment with varlous reagents and enzymes. The results are as follows: a) Treatment wlth cyanOgen bromlde gave a tetrapeptlde of compositlon asp, trp, cys and met. b) Treatment with chymotrypsln gave a tripeptlde of compositlon asp, trp and cys, a dipeptlde wlth the same C-term and an amlno acld. c) Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a dipeptlde and a tetrapeptlde. The composltion of the peptlde Is lys, trp, asp, cys and met 1. What Is the sequence of the hexapeptlde? 2. What is the pl of thls peptlde?What is the expansion of acronym MICA?What factors account for the high phosphoryl-transfer potential of nucleoside triphosphates?