In the sticky-price model, describe the aggregate supply curve in the following special cases. How do these cases compare to the short-run aggregate supply curve we discussed in Chapter 10? All firms have sticky prices (s = 1). The desired price does not depend on aggregate output (a = 0).
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In the sticky-price model, describe the
- All firms have sticky prices (s = 1).
- The desired price does not depend on
aggregate output (a = 0).
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- The Greek letter a represents a number that determines how much output responds to unexpected changes in the price level. In this case, assume that a = $2 billion. That is, when the actual price level exceeds the expected price level by 1, the quantity of output supplied will exceed the natural level of output by $2 billion. Suppose the natural level of output is $60 billion of real GDP and that people expect a price level of 95. On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to plot this economy's long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. Then use the orange line segments (square symbol) to plot the economy's short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve at each of the following price levels: 85, 90, 95, 100, and 105. PRICE LEVEL 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 0 10 20 40 50 60 70 30 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 80 90 100 O AS LRAS ? The short-run quantity of output supplied by firms will fall short of the natural level of output when the actual price level level that…Given the following circumstances, indicate whether or not the aggregate supply curve would shift and, if so, which way would it shift: The price of a barrel of oil doubles An advance in alternative energy technology significantly reduces its cost In order to maintain a relatively clean air quality, a carbon emissions tax is levied against firms with a carbon footprint As a result of fracking, the price of natural gas is significantly reduced Advances in technology increase the productivity of the American worker, on average, by 30%In the long-run, aggregate supply is a horizontal line at the long-run price level people can afford. True False One reason for why the aggregate demand curve slopes down is the wealth effect, which means that a higher price level leads to lower real wealth and, thereby, reduces the level of consumption. True False
- Determine whether each of the following would cause a shift of the aggregate demand curve, a shift of the aggregate supply curve, a shift in neither curve, or a shift in both curves. If a shift is caused, indicate which curve shifts, and in which direction it shifts. What happens to aggregate output and the price level in each case? The price level changes. Consumer confidence increases. The supply of resources decreases. The wage rate decreases. There is no minimum word requirement for responses. Please label each section of your response with the appropriate number (1, 2, 3, 4). Compare the classical economic theory that was used prior to the Great Depression to the Keynesian theory used after the Great Depression.Your response must be at least 200 words in length.If aggregate supply is vertical, then which of the following statements must be true? Aggregate demand does not affect the quantity of output. Inflation creates greater social benefits. Inflation will accompany any rise in output. Aggregate demand does not cause inflationary changes in price level.Suppose an aggregate supply curve shifts right and this is the only change in the economy. What will certainly NOT happen? Group of answer choices: Higher output Lower output Lower price level Aggregate demand curve remains unchanged Which of the following helps to increase employment and decrease inflation? Group of answer choices: Right shift of an aggregate supply curve Right shift of the aggregate demand curve Left shift of the aggregate demand curve Left shift of an aggregate supply curve
- Consider the model of aggregate demand (AD) and supply in Chapter 10 of Mankiw 6e, which distinguishes between the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) and short- run aggregate supply curve (SRAS). Using this model, analyze the impact of each scenario in the short run and in the long run by drawing the appropriate graph. Denote the initial equilibrium point as "A", the short-run equilibrium point as "B", and the new long-run equilibrium point as "C". Indicate through arrows the movement in equilibrium point from the short run to the long run. a. Implementation of lockdown policies which limited the mobility of people, thus causing consumers to spend less. b. Scenario (a) plus decline in labor force participation and widespread closure of businesses like in COVID-19 pandemic. c. Oil price hike which increases the costs of production. d. Scenario (c) plus government response in the form of accommodative monetary policy and fiscal stimulus to prevent the decline in outputCoronavirus pandemic and resultant shutdown measures to contain it have plunged the economies around the world including Singapore into severe contraction. Assuming Singaporean economy was in long run equilibrium in the aggregate demand and supply (AD-AS) model before the pandemic (and consequent shutdown) started, answer the questions below: Now assume that the contraction in the Singaporean economy is mainly driven by supply side factors, Show the short-run effects of this using the AD-AS model. Carefully explain in words (100 or less)Coronavirus pandemic and resultant shutdown measures to contain it have plunged the economies around the world including Singapore into severe contraction. Assuming Singaporean economy was in long run equilibrium in the aggregate demand and supply (AD-AS) model before the pandemic (and consequent shutdown) started, answer the questions below: Now assume that the contraction in the Singaporean economy is mainly driven by supply side factors, Show the short-run effects of this using the AD-AS model.
- The following graph plots aggregate demand (AD2027AD2027) and aggregate supply (AS) for the imaginary country of Cotopaxi in the year 2027. Suppose the natural level of output in this economy is $6 trillion. On the following graph, use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve for this economy. Economists forecast that if the government takes no action and the economy continues to grow at the current rate, aggregate demand in 2028 will be given by the curve labeled ADAADA, resulting in the outcome given by point A. If, however, the government pursues an expansionary policy, aggregate demand in 2028 will be given by the curve labeled ADBADB, resulting in the outcome given by point B. The following table presents projections for the unemployment rates that would occur at point A and point B. Consider the potential rate of inflation between 2027 and 2028, depending on whether the economy moves from the initial price level of 102 to the…In our Aggregate Demand and Supply model, a decrease in Aggregate Demand would cause which of the following in the short run? Group of answer choices a) neither deflation nor inflation b) deflation and recession c) inflation and economic growth d) inflation and recession e) deflation and economic growthAll else equal, which of the following will result in a recession in the short run? Select all the answers that apply. Select one or more: A leftward/upward shift in the short run aggregate supply curve A rightward shift in the aggregate demand curve A leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve A rightward/downward shift in the short run aggregate supply curve