It is well-documented that age and the presence of comorbidities are individual risk factors for COVID-19 fatality. The risk profile of an individual is defined by the infection fatality rate (IFR), which quantifies the chance of death when a person of a given demographic is infected by COVID-19. Defining an adult living in a multigenerational home as a new demographic allows us to obtain an "effective" risk profile for this group. Suggest a formula for computing the effective risk of adults (20-60 years) and seniors (60+ years) in this new demographic of multigenerational homes.

Asian Americans are a heterogeneous group often coined as one in national and state estimates of health data. Recent studies, however, have shown that some Asian American subgroups are more likely to die early due to cardiovascular disease and more likely to report metabolic syndrome. An epidemiologist wants to study the age of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes among two Asian American subgroups (Asian Indians, Koreans). The researcher had the following two questions: Is the mean age of diagnosis for type 2 diabetes among Asian Indians different than 55 years? Is the mean age of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes different between Koreans and Asian Indians? The epidemiologist should conduct which types of tests to answer the above 2 questions? None two-sample t test after checking for equal variance and a one sample t-test One-sample t test and two-sample t test after checking for equal variance One-sample t test and ANOVA One-sample t test and ANOVA

Although the DW test statistics is the most popular test for autocorrelation, it has several limitations. Provide these limitations and suggest corresponding alternatives.

Recently there has been quite a bit of controversy about the lack of definitive knowledge about the adverse side effects associated with hormone-based birth control usage.  Suppose a researcher is interested in the effects of birth control in women aged 18-25 relevant to blood pressure. The researcher assumes that women in this demographic that are taking hormone-based birth control are at risk for increased blood pressure. Assume the following table contains the summary statistics of two SRSs, one from a cohort of women taking hormone-based birth control, and one from a cohort of women birth control free.   Study Arm Average Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHG) Sample Standard Deviation Sample Size Birth Control 124 6.8 246 No Birth Control 116 4.3 267   Carry out the appropriate statistical procedure to determine if there is a significant difference in the systolic blood pressure between the two groups of women. Write out your null and alternative…

IL-6 is a cytokine released as an immune response to infection. Elevated IL-6 is suggested to be predictive of severe illness with Covid-19. Suppose we wanted to conduct a study to see if this is true among patients with Covid-19 in Florida. Assuming from a previous studies in other areas of the US, the mean IL-6 id 8.87 pg/mL (s.d. = 6.09 pg/mL) among individuals with moderate disease and 7.66 pg/mL (s.d.= 4.97 pg/mL) among individuals that are asymptomatic or have mild illness, how many people in total, would need to enroll in our new study to determine if there is a difference in means with 95% confidence and 80% power? A. 106 B. 301 C. 187 D. 243

Researchers at a local public health office are interested in the difference in prevalence of sickle cell anemia by ethnicity in a population under its jurisdiction. Suppose the following table represents prevalence of sickle cell anemia reported based on a thorough survey.   Ethnicity Prevalence of Sickle Cell African-American =242/1049 Other =165/1864  Calculate the risk difference between the groups.

Identify the TEST for the below scenario and explain why you will choose the test for the analysis: In a hospital for one year the comorbidities of alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients were studied. Which test will be used to understand that alcoholic patients are more susceptible to comorbidities?

IL-6 is a cytokine released as an immune response to infection. Elevated IL-6 is suggested to be predictive of severe illness with Covid-19. Suppose we wanted to conduct a study to see if this is true among patients with Covid-19 in Florida. Assuming from a previous studies in other areas of the US, the mean IL-6 id 8.13 pg/mL (s.d.= 5.98 pg/mL) among individuals with moderate disease and 7.66 pg/mL (s.d.= 4,97 pa/mL) among individuais that are asymptomatic or have mild illness, how many people in total, would need to enroll in our new study to determine if there is a difference in means with 99% confidence and 80% power? A. 942 B. 1,212 C 1,054 D. 1,650

The 5-year incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in relation to smoking status was determined in a population sample of 1000 men, 18 years and older. At baseline, 30% of the men were classified as being current smokers and 70% as being non-smokers. At the end of the follow-up, 60 CVD events had occurred among the smokers and 70 events among the non-smokers. Construct a 2 x 2 table based on the data provided

Recently there has been quite a bit of controversy about the lack of definitive knowledge about the adverse side effects associated with hormone based birth control usage. Suppose a researcher is interested in the effects of birth control in women aged 18-25 relevant to blood pressure. The researcher assumes that women in this demographic that are taking hormone based birth control are at risk for increased blood pressure. Assume the following table contains the summary statistics of two SRSs, one from a cohort of women taking hormone based birth control, and one from a cohort of women birth control free. Study Arm Average Systolic BP Sample Standard Deviation Sample Size Birth Control 124 6.8 246 No BC 116 4.3 267 a) Carry out the appropriate statistical procedure to determine if there is a significant difference in the systolic blood pressure between the two groups of women and write out a null and alternative hypotheses. (Use an alpha level of 0.05) b) Construct a 95%…