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- Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? CT MRI PET ultrasonographyFigure 17.15 In 2011, the United States Preventative Services Task Force recommended against using the PSA test to screen healthy men for prostate cancer. Their recommendation is based on evidence that screening does not reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer. Prostate cancer often develops very slowly and does not cause problems, while the cancer treatment can have severe side effects. The PCA3 test is considered to be more accurate, but screening may still result in men who would not have been harmed by the cancer itself suffering side effects from treatment. What do you think? Should all healthy men be screened for prostate cancer using the PCA3 or PSA test? Should people in general be screened to find out if they have a genetic risk for cancer or other diseases?Name the six characteristic hallmark capabilities/behaviours acquired by cancer cells: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hint!!
- in Course: 23SPCMP Anat & Phys... The tissue type that is shown in this image is @ 2 W 3 Q E $ 4 M Question 40 - Lab Practical 1 -... R % 5 T Be as specific as possible. * 8 + ( 9 GThe tissue type that is she LM 500x H PSkin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal to that of allother cancers combined. Following is a graph [modified fromK. H. Kraemer (1997). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 94:11–14]depicting the age of onset of skin cancers in patients with orwithout XP, where the cumulative percentage of skin cancer is plotted against age. The non-XP curve is based on 29,757 cancerssurveyed by the National Cancer Institute, and the curverepresenting those with XP is based on 63 skin cancers from theXeroderma Pigmentosum Registry.New cases of cancer are expected to increase in the ensuing years. How can estimating the future burden of cancer help us to prepare for this? Give detailed examples of different types of cancer and the trends that will likely be observed. What can we realistically expect to achieve regarding cancer risk reduction? Why is it important to have cancer statistics databases?
- 22:23 1O 000 · 11:24 A9 OB1 r ll l 52% . +964 782 734 3923 2m541139927815107... Patient Encounter Part 3 The pretreatment workup is summarized below. Pathology: 47-year-old female with new diagnosis of infiltrating intraductal adenocarcinoma involving the left breast and regional node. Further tests on tumor samples indicated ER (8%), PR (negative), HER2 (negative), Ki-67 (72%), and grade (poorly differentiated). Intrinsic subtype (luminal B, HER2-negative). Radiology: FDG-PET/CT indicated a 5.3 x 2.5 cm mass in the left breast which appeared to extend to the epidermis of the skin; one node in the left axilla was also involved with tumor. No other evidence of distant disease was visualized. Laboratory: CBC, liver, and kidney function tests WNL, alkaline phosphatase and calcium are normal also. Stage: IB (T, N, M,) List the most important prognostic factors in this patient with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Assess the patient's level of risk for relapse. 50 SECTION 16 | ONCOLOGIC…22 A study was conducted to see how people respond to medical statistics. Each subject was given the following descriptions of three screening tests for cancer. If you have this test every 2 years, it will reduce your chance of dying from cancer A by around one third over the next 10 years. Test A: Test B: If you have this test every 2 years, it will reduce your chance of dying from cancer B from around 3 in 1,000 to around 2 in 1,000 over the next 10 years. Test C: If around 1,000 people have this test every 2 years, 1 person will be saved from dying from cancer C every 10 years. a. One of these describes the number needed to treat cancer (see Extensions Task 21). Which one? b. One describes the absolute risk reduction. Which one? SUBTRACT c. One describes the relative risk. Which one? X GreaterWhich statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 In the small intestine, stem cells in the cryptsdivide asymmetrically to maintain the population of cellsthat make up the villi; after each division, one daughterremains a stem cell and the other begins to divide rapidlyto produce differentiated progeny.2 Stem cells, being stem cells, are by definition thesame in all tissues.3 Every tissue that can be renewed is renewed froma tissue-specific population of stem cells.4 Disturbance of the balance in the activities ofosteoblasts and osteoclasts in favor of osteoclasts cangive rise to the condition known as osteoporosis, the brit-tle-bone syndrome of the elderly.
- Write an 800-word essay on debunking this myth about cancer from "Myth Buster by Ted Koren 2012 Issue 5”: MYTH: Cancer has always been a major killer. FACT: Cancer has increased from a rare illness (from one person in 9,000 to one in two or three) within decades – the blink of an eye in human history.Which of the following is not a cancer risk factor.Studies have shown that there are significant differences in cancer rates among different ethnic groups. For example, the Japanese have very high rates of colon cancer but very low rates of breast cancer. It has also been demonstrated that when members of low-risk ethnic groups move to high-risk areas, their cancer risks rise to those of the high-risk area. For example, Japanese who live in the United States, where the risk of breast cancer is high, have higher rates of breast cancer than do Japanese who live in Japan. What are some of the possible explanations for this phenomenon? What factors may explain why the Japanese have higher rates of colon cancer than do other ethnic groups?
