Q2: Comparison between the following? (Choose one only) 1. Ductility and toughness of a materials property?
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- Discuss the concept of strain hardening in materials?A high-yield-strength alloy steel bar with a rectangular cross section that has a width of 37.5 mm, a thickness of 6.25 mm, and a gauge length of 203 mm was tested in tension to rupture, according to ASTM E-8 method. The load and deformation data were as shown in Table Using a spreadsheet program, obtain the following:a. A plot of the stress–strain relationship. Label the axes and show units.b. A plot of the linear portion of the stress–strain relationship. Determine modulus of elasticity using the best-fit approach.c. Proportional limit.d. Yield stress.e. Ultimate strength.f. If the specimen is loaded to 155 kN only and then unloaded, what is the permanent deformation?g. In designing a typical structure made of this material, would you expect the stress applied in (f) safe? Why?2. When a cylindrical body is subjected to uniaxial tensile force, which types of stresses are formed within the body? Show the locations of stresses on an appropriate sketch. 3. (a) If you were designing a metallic tool to be used at very low temperatures (negative temperatures), which material class would be the best option? (b) If you wanted to increase the strength of that tool for that very low temperature, which strengthening method would be the best option? Briefly explain your answer.
- describe the terms: limit of proportionality, elastic stage, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and fracture stressQ2c) Listed in the table below is the tensile stress-strain data for different grades of steels. Utilizing the data given answer the three queries given below. Material Yield Tensile Strain at Fracture Elastic StrengthStrengthFractureStrengthModulus (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (GPa) A 410 1440 0.63 265 410 В 200 220 0.40 105 250 C 815 950 0.25 500 610 D 800 650 0.14 720 210 E Fractures before yielding 650 550 1) Which will experience the greatest percent reduction in area? Why? 2) Which is the strongest? Why? 3) Which is the stiffest? Why?STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Answer: Maximum tensile 38 MN/m2, maximum compressive 46 MN/m2 Please show the solution to get the answer.
- A cylindrical specimen of stainless steel having an initial diameter of 12.8?? and initial length of 50.8?? is pulled in tension. Use the data provided below to a) Plot the data as engineering stress versus engineering strain using excel or similar software. b) Compute the modulus of elasticity. c) Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002. d) Determine the tensile strength of this alloy. e) What is the approximate ductility, in percent elongation? f) Compute the modulus of resilience. Load (?) Length (??) 0 50.800 12,700 50.825 25,400 50.851 38,100 50.876 50,800 50.902 76,200 50.952 89,100 51.003 92,700 51.054 102,500 51.181 107,800 51.308 119,400 51.562 128,300 51.816 149,700 52.832 159,000 53.848 160,400 54.356 159,500 54.864 151,500 55.880 124,700 56.642 FractureTo stretch a 200 mm long tensile test specimen (a) of steel elastically by 0.08 mm. How many loads do I need to apply? (b) What is the maximum length of this sample without plastic deformation? How long can it be extended? (The modulus of elasticity of steel is 210 GPa, yield strength 580 MPa, tensile strength 920 MPa specified as.An aluminum alloy bar with a rectangular cross section that has a width of 12.5 mm, thickness of 6.25 mm, and a gauge length of 50 mm was tested in tension to fracture according to ASTM E-8 method. The load and deformation data were as shown in Table P4.6. Using a spreadsheet program, obtain the following: a. A plot of the stress-strain relationship. Label the axes and show units. b. A plot of the linear portion of the stress-strain relationship. Determine the modulus of elasticity using the best fit approach. c. Proportional limit. d. Yield stress at an offset strain of 0.002 m/m. e. Tangent modulus at a stress of 450 MPa. f. Secant modulus at a stress of 450 MPa. TABLE P4.6 Load (kN) AL (mm) Load (kN) AL (mm) 33.5 1.486 3.3 0.025 35.3 2.189 14.0 0.115 37.8 3.390 25.0 0.220 39.8 4.829 29.0 0.406 40.8 5.961 30.6 0.705 41.6 7.386 31.7 0.981 41.2 8.047 32.7 1.245
- Problem 11. [Concepts: Calculating stress from internal forces, nonlinear stress-strain response, elongation from strain.] Acetal plastic has a stress-strain diagram as shown. a) Determine the yield strength assuming a 0.2% offset. b) If a bar of this material has a length of 3 ft and cross-sectional area of 0.875 in², and is subjected to an axial load of 2.5 kip, determine its elongation. c) Determine the modulus of toughness just before it fractures if failure occurs at a = 0.12. σ (psi) a = 9.5(10³) €¹/3 € (in./in.)The shown figure represents the stress-strain relations of metals A and B during tension tests until fracture.Determine the following for the two metals (show all calculations and units):a. Proportional limitb. Yield stress at an offset strain of 0.002 in./in.c. Ultimate strengthd. Modulus of resiliencee. Toughnessf. Which metal is more ductile? Why?1. The tensile strength vs. temperature curves of aluminum are plotted below. Explain the meaning of these two curves. 400 Ultimate strength 300 Yield strength 200 100 -200 -150 -100 -50 50 100 150 200 250 Temperature, °C Strength, kPa