Researchers wanted to know the effectiveness of a new anti-venom shot. A study was conducted on 245 children who had nonlethal scorpion stings. The ages of the children ranged from 6 months to 18 years old. Each child was randomly assigned to receive a shot of the anti-venom or a placebo shot. Researchers recorded whether or not their condition improved over the next four hours. They found that about 73% of the children who were given anti-venom saw an improvement in their condition whereas only about 23% of the children who were given the placebo saw an improvement in their condition. Identify the population.The population is all children 6 months to 18 years old with nonlethal scorpion stings.Identify the sample.The sample is 245 children 6 months to 18 years old with nonlethal scorpion stings.What is the treatment variable?The treatment variable is the anti-venom shot.What is the response (or outcome) variable?The outcome variable is improvements in their condition.Was this an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain how you know.This is an experiment because the researchers assigned whether the participants received a shot of the anti-venom or a placebo shot.Assuming the rest of the study was well-designed, discuss whether it would be reasonable to conclude that the new anti-venom caused an improvement in children's conditions after nonlethal scorpion stings.Because this is an experiment and the researchers found that more children showed improvements with the anti-venom shot, it is reasonable to conclude a cause-effect relationship like “The new anti-venom caused an improvement in children's conditions after nonlethal scorpion stings.

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Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter4: Equations Of Linear Functions

Section4.5: Correlation And Causation

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Researchers wanted to know the effectiveness of a new anti-venom shot. A study was conducted on 245 children who had nonlethal scorpion stings. The ages of the children ranged from 6 months to 18 years old. Each child was randomly assigned to receive a shot of the anti-venom or a placebo shot. Researchers recorded whether or not their condition improved over the next four hours. They found that about 73% of the children who were given anti-venom saw an improvement in their condition whereas only about 23% of the children who were given the placebo saw an improvement in their condition.

Identify the population.
The population is all children 6 months to 18 years old with nonlethal scorpion stings.
Identify the sample.
The sample is 245 children 6 months to 18 years old with nonlethal scorpion stings.
What is the treatment variable?

The treatment variable is the anti-venom shot.
What is the response (or outcome) variable?
The outcome variable is improvements in their condition.
Was this an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain how you know.
This is an experiment because the researchers assigned whether the participants received a shot of the anti-venom or a placebo shot.
Assuming the rest of the study was well-designed, discuss whether it would be reasonable to conclude that the new anti-venom caused an improvement in children's conditions after nonlethal scorpion stings.
Because this is an experiment and the researchers found that more children showed improvements with the anti-venom shot, it is reasonable to conclude a cause-effect relationship like “The new anti-venom caused an improvement in children's conditions after nonlethal scorpion stings.