Steel railroad reels 10 m long are laid with a clearance of 3 mm at a temperature of 15°C. (a) At what temperature will the rails just touch? (b) What stress would be induced in the rails at that temperature if there were no initial clearance? Assume a = 11.7 um/(m. C) and E = 200 GPa.
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- (a) Solve part (a) of the preceding problem if the pressure is 8.5 psi, the diameter is 10 in., the wall thickness is 0,05 in., the modulus of elasticity is 200 psi, and Poisson's ratio is 0.48. (b) If the strain must be limited to 1.01, find the maximum acceptable inflation pressureThe rails of a railroad track are welded together at their ends (to form continuous rails and thus eliminate the clacking sound of the wheels) when the temperature is 60°F. What compressive stress ?? =6.5×10-6 /? is produced in the rails when they are heated by the sun to 120"F if the coefficient of thermal expansion a = the modulus of elasticity E = 30 × 106 psi?Solve the preceding problem if the diameter is 480 mm, the pressure is 20 MPa, the yield stress in tension is 975 MPa, the yield stress in shear is 460 MPa, the factor of safety is 2,75, the modulus of elasticity is 210 GPa, Poissorfs ratio is 0.28, and the normal strain must not exceed 1190 x 10" . For part (b), assume that the tank thickness is 8 mm and the measured normal strain is 990 x 10~ .
- A two-story building has steel columns AB in the first floor and BC in the second floor, as shown in the figure. The roof load P:equals 400 KN, and the second-floor load P-, equals 720 kN. Each column has a length L = 3.75 m. The cross-sectional areas of the first- and second-floor columns are 11,000 mm" and 3900 mm", respectively. (a) Assuming that E = 206 GPa. determine the total shortenings aof the two columns due to the combined action of the loads Ptand P,. (b) How much additional load P0can be placed at t he top of t he column (point C) if t he total shortening: SACis not to exceed 4.0 mm?An aluminum bar has length L = 6 ft and diameter d = 1.375 in. The stress-strain curse for the aluminum is shown in Fig. 1.34. The initial straight, line part of the curve has a slope (modulus of elasticity) of 10.6 × 106 psi. The bar is loaded by tensile forces P = 44.6 k and then unloaded. (a) That is the permanent set of the bar? (b) If the bar is reloaded. what is the proportional limit? hint: Use the concepts illustrated in Figs. l.39b and 1.40.A wine of length L = 4 ft and diameter d = 0.125 in. is stretched by tensile forces P = 600 lb. The wire is made of a copper alloy having a stress-strain relationship that may be described mathematically by =18,0001+30000.03(=ksi) in which is nondimensional and has units of kips per square inch (ksi). (a) Construct a stress-strain diagram for the material. (bj Determine the elongation, of the wire due to the Forces P. (c) IF the forces are removed, what is the permanent set of the bar? (d) If the forces are applied again, what is the proportional limit?
- A spherical balloon is filled with a gas. The outer diameter of the balloon is 20 in. and the thickness is 0,012 in. Calculate the maximum permissible pressure in the balloon if the allowable tensile stress and the allowable shear stress in the balloon are 1 ksi and 0.3 ksi, respectively.A spherical steel pressure vessel (diameter 500 mm, thickness 10 mm) is coated with brittle lacquer that cracks when the strain reaches 150 X 10~ (see figure). (a) What internal pressure p will cause the lacquer to develop cracks? (Assume E = 205 GPa and v = 0.30.) (b) If the strain is measured at 125 x 10-6, what is the internal pressure at that point?Solve the preceding problem if the internal pressure is 3,85 MPa, the diameter is 20 m, the yield stress is 590 MPa, and the factor of safety is 3.0. (a) Determine the required thickness to the nearest millimeter. (b) If the tank wall thickness is 85 mm, what is the maximum permissible internal pressure?
- A brass plate with a modulus of elastici ty E = 16 X 106 psi and Poisson’s ratio a = 0.34 is loaded in biaxial stress by normal stresses r and cry. (sec figure). A strain gage is bonded to the plate at an angle 4 = 350 If the stress o is 10,700 psi and the strain means used by the gageise = 390 X 106.whatisthcmax- imum in-plane shear stress (Tr, ),. and shear strain (>‘ ).? What is the maximum shear strain (y ) in the x-: plane? What is the maximum shear strain (y ).. in the y-r plane?A punch for making a slotted hole in ID cards is shown in the figure part a. Assume that the hole produced by the punch can be described as a rectangle (12 mm X 3 mm) with two half circles (r = 1.5 mm) on the left and the right sides. If P = 10 N and the thickness of the ID card is 1 mm, what is the average shear stress in the card?A tie-down on the deck of a sailboat consists of a bent bar boiled at both ends, as shown in the figure. The diameter dBof the bar is 1/4 in., the diameter D Wof the washers is 7/8 in., and the thickness is of the fiberglass deck is 3/8 in. If the allowable shear stress in the fiberglass is 300 psi, and the allowable bearing pressure between the washer and the fiberglass is 550 psi, what is the allowable load P allowon the tie-down?