Suppose a snack bar is burned in a calorimeter and heats 2,000 g water by 20 °C. How much heat energy was released? Give your answer in both joules and calories.
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- At a power plant that produces 1 GW (109 watts) of electricity, the steam turbines take in steam at a temperature of 500°C, and the waste heat is expelled into the environment at 20°C. Suppose you develop a new material for making pipes and turbines, which allows the maximum steam temperature to be raised to 600°C. Roughly how much money can you make in a year by installing your improved hardware, if you sell the additional electricity for 5 cents per kilowatt-hour? (Assume that the amount of fuel consumed at the plant is unchanged.)Suppose that in our lab on calorimetry, 80 g of aluminum at -20° Celcius was added to 120 g of water at 27° Celcius, and then isolated in an insulated container. When the system comes to equilibrium, what would be the final temperature? The heat capacity of aluminum is 900 J/kg K water is 4190 J/kg K, ice is 2030 J/kg K, and the latent heat of fusion of water is 334 kJ/kg.After you drive for a while your tires will gain some energy via friction and heat up. If the air inside the tires absorbs 150 Joules of energy by heat, and does 100 Joules of work by expanding and lifting your car a fraction of a millimeter, what is the net change in the internal energy of the air inside the tires? (Hint: Use the first law of thermodynamics) 100 Joules 50 Joules 250 Joules 150 Joules
- The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that up to 10 percent of the energy use of a house can be saved by caulking and weatherstripping doors and windows to reduce air leaks at a cost of about $90 for materials for an average home with 12 windows and 2 doors. Caulking and weatherstripping every gas-heated home properly would save enough energy to heat about 4 million homes. The savings can be increased by installing storm windows. Determine how long it will take for the caulking and weatherstripping to pay for itself from the energy they save for a house whose annual energy use is $1500.How much heat Q, in Joules, is required to warm up 0.5 kg of water from 20 °C to 30 °C ? (Water specific heat is 4,190 J/kg°C) 4186 J O 20,950 J 2000 J O 125,580 J Question 5 Add 100 joules of heat to a system that does 60 joules of work. Determine the change in internal energy. OJ. 100 J.First Law of Thermodynamics. You do 10,000 J of work on a system of 3.00kg water by stirring it with a paddle wheel. During this time, 10,000 calories of heat is added. What is change in the internal energy of the system? (1 calorie = 4.18 Joules)
- A heat machine is working between two thermal reservoirs with the temperatures of 800oC and 20oC. ¼ of the work of heat machine is being used to operate a Carnot heat pump. This heat pump draws heat from the outside environment at a temperature of 2oC and transfers it to a home at a temperature of 22oC. Given house is losing a heat of 62000 kJ per hour to the outside world, the heat engine must be supplied to keep the house stable at 22oC. Calculate the minimum amount of heat that should be supplied to the heat machine to keep the house stable at 22 degrees.The temperatures shown in the figure have been determined via 2-dimensional finite difference analysis for the boundary conditions shown. What is the total heat transfer going out of the system? Ax = Ay = 19 cm. Express your answer in W. h = 35 W/m² K T=30°C convection boundary 2 49.52°C T = 100°C 5 84.69°C 1 T = 120°C Insulated 47.87°C 4 81.18°C 3 59.93°C 6 97.86°CA 46-kg woman eats a 522 Calorie (522 kcal) jelly doughnut for breakfast. (a) How many joules of energy are the equivalent of one jelly doughnut? 2192.4 X Your response is off by a multiple of ten. J (b) How many steps must the woman climb on a very tall stairway to change the gravitational potential energy of the woman-Earth system by a value equivalent to the food energy in one jelly doughnut? Assume the height of a single stair is 15 cm. 8.67 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. stairs (c) If the human body is only 26% efficient in converting chemical potential energy to mechanical energy, how many steps must the woman climb to work off her breakfast? 9 X Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your solution from the beginning and check each step carefully. stairs
- A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air-conditioned with window air-conditioning units of 5-kW cooling capacity. A person at rest may be assumed to dissipate heat at a rate of about 360 kJ/h. There are 10 lightbulbs in the room, each with a rating of 100 W. The rate of heat transfer to the classroom through the walls and the windows is estimated to be 15,000 kJ/h. If the room air is to be maintained at a constant temperature of 21°C, determine the number of window air-conditioning units required.Choose the number that corresponds the following questions and statements. Which of the below is not a type of heat transfer? Conduction Radiation Expansion Convection The energy of the motions of atoms and molecules within an object or system. Internal energy Enthalpy Heat Entropy At constant P and T, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure. True False Thermodynamic reactions play important roles in all of the following except... 1.Car engines Refrigerators Hitting baseballs Cooking food The heat content of a system at constant pressure is defined as the ___________. Entropy Heat Work EnthalpyAir conditioners sold in the United States are given a seasonal energy-efficiency ratio (SEER) rating that consumers can use to compare different models. A SEER rating is the ratio of heat pumped to energy input, similar to a COP but using English units, so a higher SEER rating means a more efficient model. You can determine the COP of an air conditioner bydividing the SEER rating by 3.4. For typical inside and outsidetemperatures when you’d be using air conditioning, estimate the theoretical maximum SEER rating of an air conditioner. (New air conditioners must have a SEER rating that exceeds 13, quite a bit less than the theoretical maximum, but there are practical issues that reduce efficiency.)