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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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- Figure 12.5 In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r). You do a test cross between a pea plant with wrinkled peas (genotype rr) and a plant of unknown genotype that has round peas. You end up with three plants, all which have round peas. From this data, can you tell if the round pea parent plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? If the round pea parent plant is heterozygous, what is the probability that a random sample of 3 progeny peas will all be round?Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?1 pts The pedigree below shows the expression of Huntington's disease in a family. Huntington's disease is a fatal genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It deteriorates a person's physical and mental abilities usually during their prime working years and has no cure. Huntington's is inherited as a dominant allele (H). Examine the pedigree below and determine the genotype for individual "2" DODO0O 2. O HH O Hh О h O either HH or Hh
- BIU A- == 三E 12 - Match each of the following examples to the appropriate type of non-Mendelian inheritance. 1. A homozygous recessive genotype for the gene that encodes phenylalanine hydroxylase (which breaks down the amino acid phenylalanine) causes lighter skin color, a musty odor, differences in intellectual development, and seizures. 2. In pea plants, alleles of Gene W control flower color, with the dominant allele (W) leading to purple flower.color, and the recessive allele (w) leading to white flower color. Usually, a genotype of WW or Ww leads to purple flowers. However, when Gene C is homozygous recessive, WW or Ww plants always have white flowers. 3. In mallard ducks, feather coloring is controlled by Gene F. A dominant allele (F) leads to green head feathers, while a recessive allele (f) leads to brown head feathers. In male mallards, inheritance of one or more F alleles always leads to the green head feather trait. But female mallards always have brown head feathers,…What kind of Non-Mendelian Pattern of inheritance? Genotype, Phenotype, and Ra- tio Punnett Square Genotypes: Genotypic Ratio: Phenotypes: Phenotypic Ratio: Genotypes. Genotypic Ratio: INN Phenotypes: Phenotypic Ratio: Paher Blocd Fype Genotypes Mothher s Riood Type Genotypic Ratio: A AB OB Phenotypes: Phenotypic Ratio: AOWhat are the possible genotype and phenotype of offspring witha parent of two heterozygous tall pea plant? Legend: T- tall pea plant t- short pea plant1. Identify the genotypes of the parents 2. Complete the punnett square 3. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring. 4. What is the genotypic ration 5. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring 6. what is the phenotypic ratio 7. What is the probability of having short trait.
- 1 LO 78- Explain how organismal phenotypes can be influenced by more than one gene. Select the statements that are true about inheritance patterns of phenotypes In Mendelian inheritance, a single gene codes for a molecule which affects a single trait Organismal traits can be monogenic or polygenic Pleiotropy is the existence of a wide range of phenotypes for a single trait Several regulatory genes can be related to several structural genes, giving rise to many possible phenotypes A gene can only affect one trait at a timeO Hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose for cellular metabolism A red-flower plant crossed with a white-flower plant of the same species, produced F1 with all pink flowers. Self-pollination of the F1 plant produced F2 generation with 39 red-flower plants, 83 pink-flower plants and 40 white-flower plants. What does this experiment demonstrate? * Codominanoce O Incomplete dominance O Polygenic inheritance Multiple alleles In organism A, blue skin colour is dominant over yellow. If, heterozygous blue skinWhat are the possible genotype and phenotype of offspring witha parent of two heterozygous tall pea plant? Legend: T- tall pea plant t- short pea plant 1. identify the genotypes of the parents 2. Complete the punnett square 3. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? 4. What is the genotypic ratio? 5. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? 6. What is the phenotypic ratio? 7. What is the probability of having short trait?
- If two alleles show incomplete dominance O the genotypes of homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are difficult to determine. O the genotype of heterozygous individuals can be directly determined from phenotype. O they are inherited at a 3:1 ratio. O they cannot be assessed using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, as there is no recessive allele. O they will be favored during recombination over the recessive allele.The comb shape of chickens is an example of an interesting inheritance pattern. Two genes, each with a dominant and recessive allele, determine comb phenotypes as follows: Comb Shape Description Genotype Single Comb homozygous recessive for both r and p rrpp Walnut comb both dominant alleles are present; R and P alleles are present R_P_ Pea comb the dominant allele P is present and the dominant allele R is absent rrP_ Rose comb the dominant allele R is present and the dominant allele P is absent R_pp Which of the following represents the correct phenotypes of the F2 offspring? Select one: a. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 9/16 3/16 3/16 1/16 b. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 3/16 1/16 9/16 3/16 c. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 1/16 9/16 3/16 3/16 d. Phenotype Single Walnut Pea Rose 3/16 9/16 1/16 3/16The comb shape of chickens is an example of an interesting inheritance pattern. Two genes, each with a dominant and recessive allele, determine comb phenotypes as follows: Comb Shape Description Genotype Single Comb homozygous recessive for both r and p rrpp Walnut comb both dominant alleles are present; R and P alleles are present R_P_ Pea comb the dominant allele P is present and the dominant allele R is absent rrP_ Rose comb the dominant allele R is present and the dominant allele P is absent R_pp If the P1 generation is a rose comb (RRpp) crossed with a pea comb (rrPP), which of the following represents the correct genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring? Select one: a. Genotype Phenotype RRPP Single comb b. Genotype Phenotype RrPp walnut comb c. Genotype Phenotype RrPp pea comb d. Genotype Phenotype RRPP walnut comb