When a quota is imposed on a market with a negative externality, the market is: Multiple Choice not efficient, because the marginal cost outweighs the marginal benefit for too many consumers. efficient, because consumption occurs at the efficient level. efficient, because the net benefits individuals receive from the amount set by the quota are equal. not efficient, because the net benefits individuals receive from the amount set by the quota are different.
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- If the equilibrium quantity of a good is also the socially optimal quantity, then: Multiple Choice the marginal benefit to consumers of another unit of the good is zero. the marginal cost to producers of another unit of the good is zero. total economic surplus has been maximized. it's possible to make at least one person better off without hurting anyone else.An externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is beneficial, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Adjust one or both of the curves to reflect the presence of the externality. If the social cost of producing the good is not equal to the private cost, then you should drag the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if the social value of producing the good is not equal to the private value, then you should drag the demand curve to reflect the social value of consuming the good. (?) PRICE (Dollars per unit) QUANTITY (Units) Supply Demand ¦ þ Demand SupplyAn externality arises when a firm or person engages in an activity that affects the wellbeing of a third party, yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for that effect. If the impact on the third party is adverse, it is called a externality. The following graph shows the demand and supply curves for a good with this type of externality. The dashed drop lines on the graph reflect the market equilibrium price and quantity for this good. Adjust one or both of the curves to refiect the presence of the externality. If the social cost of producing the good is not equal to the private cost, then you should drag the supply curve to reflect the social costs of producing the good; similarly, if the social value of producing the good is not equal to the private value, then you should drag the demand curve to reflect the social value of consuming the good. -O- Supply Demand Supply Demand QUANTITY (Unts) With this type of externality, in the absence of government intervention, the market…
- The figure on the right displays the market for video game consoles, where nine buyers are interacting with nine sellers. According to this figure, the equilibrium price is $, and at that price, the equilibrium quantity is When the market is in equilibrium, social surplus is $. If the number of consoles is restricted to two less than the equilibrium quantity, social surplus is $. Alternatively, if the government mandated that one more video game console than equilibrium be transacted, social surplus is now $. From this analysis, it can be concluded that a market in competitive equilibrium social surplus. ៖ 900+ 800- 700- 600- 500- 400- 300- 200- 100- 0 Market for Video Game Consoles Quantity 6 7The Coase Theorem states that: a) As long as property rights are well defined and no transaction costs exist, an efficient allocation will result b)As long as property rights are well defined and transaction costs are high, an efficient allocation will result. c)An efficient allocation will be equitable to all parties concerned. d)Property rights should initially be assigned to those affected by a negative externality.The figure below shows a market in which there is an externality. The curve S2 is parallel to S1. Areas in the figures are numbered. What type of externality is shown in the figure and why is it a problem in economics? Identify the market equilibrium and the social equilibrium in the figure. If the market were to move from the market equilibrium to the social equilibrium, indicate the area(s) that represent the change in consumer surplus, the change in producer surplus, the change for third parties, and the net effect on total surplus. Does total surplus rise or fall? What would be the amount of a per-unit tax needed to fix the externality?
- Which of the following is true if good x is an externality exhibiting good. If consumption of good x by person 1 exhibits a positive externality, then consumption of good x by person 2 must also exhibit a positive externality. Consumers consume too much good y relative to what is socially optimal. Consumers consume too much good x relative to what is socially optimal. Equilibrium consumption of the good is not Pareto efficient.Which of the following is true of market social equilibrium if third parties, people outside the market for a good, bear part of the cost of the good's production? Socially optimal quantity will be greater than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be greater than the private price. Socially optimal quantity will be less than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be greater than the private price. Socially optimal quantity will equal the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will equal the private price. Socially optimal quantity will be less than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be less than the private price. Socially optimal quantity will be greater than the private quantity, and the socially optimal price will be less than the private price.1. During the winter break, Sam decides to go for a skiing vacation in Aspen instead of taking piano lessons. The opportunity cost of the skiing vacation is the:cost of accommodation and food in Aspen.value of piano lessons.cost of buying a piano.amount paid to the skiing instructor. 2. Which of the following is an example of a negative externality?Smith reducing the consumption of imported wine following an increase in the price of imported winePhoebe refusing to contribute to the building of a children’s park in her neighborhoodChristina accepting a payment in cash rather than in check for her laundry servicesTom playing music loudly in his room, disturbing his roommate who has an exam the next day3. A perfectly competitive firm sells 10 units of Good X at a price of $2 per unit. It incurs a fixed cost of $5 and a variable cost of $40 to produce the good. Which of the following is true?The firm should operate in the short run but shut down in the long run.The marginal cost…
- If there are no externalities a competitive market achieves economic efficiency. If there is a negative externality, economic efficiency will not be achieved because too much of the good will be produced. a deadweight loss will occur that is equal to the area under the demand curve for the good. too little of the good will be produced. economic surplus is maximized.With the existence of negative externality, determine the socially efficient level of output and price. When negative externality exists, the firms loose profits. Calculate the size of the firms’ loss.) On the other hand, the community’s gain from the social efficient allocation level. Interpret the results. Determine the net gain (or loss) to the society.In the past, some counties and countries have imposed taxes on sugar, saturated fats, and food made with those ingredients as a way to reduce consumption of those foods. Assume the government imposes a unit tax on all chocolate. Answer the following questions Is there an externality from consuming chocolate? Explain why or why not. Use a correctly labeled graph to show what happens in the market for chocolate as a result of the unit tax. On your graph, show the market equilibrium before and after the tax (i.e. show the equilibrium prices and quantities.) Show graphically what happens to consumer surplus and producer surplus after the tax (you may need a separate graph to show this.) Will consumers be able to shift this tax to sellers? If yes explain why/how. If no explain why not. Based on your answer to c, who will bear the incidence of this tax? Show this on a graph. How will consumers respond to the tax on chocolate? How will candy companies respond strategically to the tax on…