(d) || CH3-C- =2 CH3-C O= + CO₂ 2 Pyruvate Acetate The conversion of pyruvate to acetate represents Consequently, the complete balanced reaction is a reduction. no change in oxidation state. an oxidation. Consequently, the complete balanced reaction is (e) pyruvate → acetate + CO2 pyruvate + NADH + H+ → acetate + CO2 + NAD+ pyruvate + NAD+ acetate + CO2 +NADH + H+
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- [AktivGrid] Draw the product of the reaction of isocitrate catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase in the TCA (citric acid) cycle. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. rxn' F-C-H NAD+ isocitra te dehydro genase NADH, Dra H+, > Problem 5 of 12 Submit H Atoms, Bonds and Rings OH Charges CH2OH Drag To Pan CH2OH- H OH Undo Reset ―CH2OH- Remove Done ⚫SH CHO +Which one of the following regarding the chemistry of glycolysis & gluconeogenesis is FALSE? Reaction 6 of glycolysis catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase involves oxidation & addition of a P; group. Reaction 3 of gluconeogenesis catalyzed by enolase involves hydration, the addition of water to a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) to form an alcohol. Reaction 1 of gluconeogenesis catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase involves decarboxylation. Reaction 9 of gluconeogenesis catalyzed by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase involves dephosphorylation (phosphoester hydrolysis). Reaction 1 of glycolysis catalyzed by hexokinase involves phosphorylation (using ATP). O 0000[AktivGrid] Draw the product of the reaction of isocitrate catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase in the TCA (citric acid) cycle. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. 9 H-C-OH 800- -H CH₂ ° Coo of NAD+ dehydrogen isocitrate ase NADH, H*, Drawing CO2
- [Cellular Metabolism] Give the Steps, Enzyme/s involved, Electron carriers, ATP Generation, End product and significance of the following metabolic pathway: Pyruvate Oxidation (explain in 1-3 sentences only, make a table )The oxidation of Gly-3-P to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate proceeds with an unfavorable AG which equals 6.3 KJ/mol, yet the flow through this point in the glycolytic pathway proceeds smoothly. Why???Acetyi CoA Oxaloncetate CoA NADH Citrate NAD Isocitrate Malate Funiarate NAD co NADH FADH, FAD a- Ketoghutarate Succinate co, NAD+ ATP Succinyl CuA NADH ADP - P For each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle? (see the figure above) а. 2 b. 4 с. 6 d. 0 е. 3
- Thioester play an important role in glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Which reactions in glycolysis and tca cycle involve thioesters.With regard to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction: The product of this reaction is “rather special”. CommentAre there any coupled reactions. If so, which ones are coupled. In the oxidation reduction reactions identify what is being oxidized and what is being reduced. Which are exergonic and which is enderdorgonic
- In which of the following citric acid cycle reactions does the coenzyme FAD participate? * citrate - isocitrate O succinate - fumarate O malate - oxaloacetate O more than one correct response O no correct response1 2 points Order the following TCA cycle metabolites in the order they are produced in one turn of the citric acid cycle. Not all answers will be used. 2 1 4 3 TI Isocitrate Citrate Lactate Pyruvate Oxaloacetate Isocitrate Succinyl-CoA Aconitate 3-Phosphoglycerate -DOT The oxidation of malate by NAD to form oxaloacetate is a highly endergonic reaction under standard conditions. AG° = +29 kJ mol¯¹ (+7 kcal mol¯¹) Malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ The reaction proceeds readily under physiological conditions. Why does the reaction proceed readily as written under physiological conditions? Endergonic reactions such as this occur spontaneously without the input of free energy. The steady-state concentrations of the products are low compared with those of the substrates. The reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable oxidation of fumarate to malate. O The NADH produced during glycolysis drives the reaction in the direction of malate oxidation. Assuming an [NAD* ]/[NADH] ratio of 8, a temperature of 25°C, and a pH of 7, what is the lowest [malate]/[oxaloacetate] ratio at which oxaloacetate can be formed from malate? [malate] [oxaloacetate] =