Which are both mechanical barriers to the transmission of pathogens? skin and stomach acid O mucus and stomach acid skin and hairs in the nose O mucus and white blood cells

Q: For which disease are active and passive immunization givensimultaneously?a. influenza b. yellow…

A: Active immunization refers to immunization by vaccination in which the body responds to antigens in…

Q: Opportunistic pathogens are least likely to affect which of the following groups?a) AIDS patientsb)…

A: Introduction: Opportunistic pathogens are the group of microbes that infect individuals with weak…

Q: Phagocytes are most effective against intracellular viruses. Phagocytes are equally effective…

A: Phagocytosis is a process of killing pathogens by using WBC'S. Some organs have there specific…

Q: Which of the conditions below would make someone moresusceptible to infection with Listeria…

A: There are several species of Listeria monocytogenes that cause flu like symptoms. The symptoms are…

Q: damage to cell and tissues penetration Entry evasion of defences release from host

A: Exposure Adhesion  Invasion Infection

Q: How is fver involved in immunology, if it get too high, wj=hy is that dangerous.( Answer in terms of…

A: An elevated body temperature is responsible for triggering cellular mechanisms which ensures that…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense? a. mucus b.…

A: The body is protected from pathogens by various antipathogenic mechanisms going on in the various…

Q: Which of your body’s nonspecific host defenses would help fight a pathogen entering your body…

A: There are several non-specific host defense mechanisms in our body to counteract the evasion of…

Q: A more hygienic environment in our modern society A. has increased the overall prevalence of…

A: By the exposure of the information in the whole world the awareness towards self hygiene has…

Q: An asymptomatic individual of a deadly communicable disease might be considered dangerous to society…

A: A disease is a specific irregular condition that contrarily influences the structure or capacity of…

Q: Many people infected with an STI such as HPV show no symptoms. How does this present a public…

A: The majority of the time, there are no signs. HPV can cause warts in some people, but it's important…

Q: Mammals have Toll-like receptors that can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent in…

A: As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost other question as…

Q: a pathogen forms a compatible interaction with the host? true or False

A: Introduction  In the broadest definition, a pathogen is any organism or agent that can cause…

Q: Which of the following is an endogenous pryrogen?(a) Bacterial exotoxin(b) Bacterial endotoxin(c)…

A: An agent which causes rise in temperature of the body upon entering is called a pyrogen. Thus…

Q: Which of the following disease is non-communicable in nature?A. Cholera B. Chicken-pox C.…

A: Disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the function or structure of all…

Q: Infectious dose can determine whether or not an individual becomes ill with a given pathogen. True O…

A: Infection does can determine whether or not an individual become ill with a given pathoge , that is…

Q: All of the following are methods protozoans use to avoid the host immune response EXCEPT O antigenic…

A: Escape mechanisms are strategies by which parasites avoid the killing effect of the immune system in…

Q: Antibodies, complement proteins, and phagocytic cells provide effective protection against all of…

A: The human body is under constant attack by desiccating agents from all over in the form of…

Q: Total eradication of disease through immunization is only possible if humans are the sole vectors of…

A: Vaccination, or vaccination, is the process by which the immune system strengthens against an…

Q: Infectious diseases may be contagious during? period of convalescence incubation period all…

A: Answer- The diseases can be categorized in two different groups that are infectious and…

Q: ra parasite or pathogen that relies on its host for transmission, evolving a high level of virulence…

A: Parasitism is relationship between two organisms in which one species (parasite) benefits for growth…

Q: Which of the following are ways a pathogen can disrupt systemic controls? autoimmune diseases I…

A: Cytokines are a group of low-molecular- weight regulatory proteins secreted by WBC and other cells…

Q: The adaptive immune system has a memory. How does this memory improve the host’s response in…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired immunity and it uses specific antigens to…

Q: How will a medicine that has a rosehip oil, vitamin c, and zinc satisfy the people's health and…

A: Introduction : Physical health, mental and emotional steadiness, and positive relationships with…

Q: Which of the following is not associated with H. influenzaeinfections?a. fever b. flu c. stiff neck…

A: Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms (nucleus is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane)…

Q: Describe 2 ways to measure a pathogens virulence. This means you should name the way and then…

A: Virulence is defined as pathogens as well as microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, etc.,…

Q: Allergy to pollen is classified as ________.     an immunodeficiency     a delayed…

A: Our body responds to stimuli. But there are times when the body responds too excessively for a small…

Q: Which of these pairs are mismatched? a. cytosol: intracellular pathogen b. surface of…

A: Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in their specific host. The severity of the disease…

Q: Explain the actions of each of the following that make them virulencefactors:a. hemolysins b.…

A: An organism that causes disease is called pathogen. Virulence factors are the biomolecules in the…

Q: Which pathogen is most virulent? O both B & C O A

A: ID 50 or median infectious dose is the minimum concentration of pathogen (bacteria or viruses)…

Q: i the infectious disease can be transmitted directly from one person to another, It is? O a.…

A: Infection is the infection of the body's tissues with the virus, its replication, and the reaction…

Q: Pathogenic infections induce damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms. While many mechanisms…

A: An immune response is a process that takes place inside an organism to protect it from foreign…

Q: MRSA, the causative agent of the patient’s infection, is common in hospitals. Describe what…

A: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a causative bacteria for infection that can…

Q: Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier to infection? O Cellular junctions…

A: Chemical barrier: it is a part of innate immune system and act as a 1st line of defense in our body.…

Q: A/An _______________ vaccine does not induce sterilizing immunity and allow infection, replication…

A: Sterilizing immunity refers to the ability of the immune system to limit a pathogen such as bacteria…

Q: Herd immunity protects un-immunized individuals because immunized persons in the community serve to…

A: Herd immunity is the type of immunity that protects the people who cannot get immunised such as…

Q: The disease from the list below which has a bacterial etiology is: A. Strep throat B. Asthma C.…

A: 1. Strep throat is causes by a group A Streptococci, which is a gram positive bacteria.  2. Asthma-…

Q: Which of the following is a mechanism of persistent viral infections? O a. Toggles between cytolytic…

A: Persistent viral infection are defined as the infection in which the viruses doesn't cleared out…

Q: Which of the following statements about anthrax is incorrect? there is a potential for long-term…

A: Introduction The majority of anthrax infections arise when people come into contact with…

Q: Discuss with examples why some pathogens that typically infect one system (such as the respiratory…

A: Pathogen is defined as the group of animals that cause disease in the body. pathogen cause disease…

Q: Some pathogens invade cells; others invade tissue spaces. Explain how innate responses differ for…

A: The immune system of the body is accountable for possessing two types of response which are innate…

Q: Which of the following is acommunicable disease?A. DiabetesB. AsthmaC. MeaslesD. Scurvy

A: Disease: - any discomfort, disability, or impairment in the health caused due to functional or…

Q: Antiphagocytic factors produced by microorganisms include all of the following EXCEPT a.…

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: hy are hemolysins a virulence factor, ie what advantage does it g

A: The lipids and proteins that cause the lysis of red blood cells by disrupting the cell membrane are…

Q: Name the 10 different pathogen groups in descending order according to size (from the largest to the…

A: Pathogens are microscopic organisms that are available everywhere. There have several kinds of…

Q: Pollen is which type of allergen?a. contactant b. ingestant   c. injectantd. inhalant

A: Answer- Pollen is the male gametes in angiospermic plants. Some humans are allergic to pollens.

Q: Describe examples of who susceptible hosts might be and why in particular is the elderly vulnerable?…

A: Susceptible hosts are people with low or weak immunity. People who are suffering from chronic…

Q: All of the following are associated with the skin except _____. a. blood vessels b. a low…

A: Skin is the largest organ of the body that covers the body to protect the body from germs. It acts…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.