Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 54.3, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø Most prairies experience regular fires, typically every few years. If these disturbances were relatively modest, how would the species diversity of a prairie likely be affected if no burning occurred for 100 years? Explain your answer.
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Unit B - Rainforests are being clear-cut in order to make room for more profitable
crops that can be used as biofuels. In Brazil, a monoculture consisting of fields of
soya beans is being planted, replacing the native rainforest ecosystem that often
consists of thousands of species.
Unit B - Compare the previous rainforest ecosystem and the new monoculture
ecosystem with respect to biodiversity and population size.
Your response should include
· an explanation of biotic limiting factors
an explanation of abiotic limiting factors
a discussion of the availability of habitats and niches
The figure below shows the relative abundance (y axis) of shrubs in an ecosystem in the years
following a fire (x axis). The shrubs in this ecosystem fall into two functional groups: fıre recruiters
and fıre persisters.
FIRE-RECRUITER
SYNDROME
FIRE-PERSISTER
SYNDROME
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100
Fire
LOG YEARS
If fire frequency decreased significantly in this ecosystem, which group would be benefited?
O Both functional groups would benefit equally
O Fire recruiter species
O Fire persister species
RELATIVE
SHRUB SEEDLING
ESTABLISHMENT
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A mature oak and hickory forest ecosystem experienced an intense forest fire that burned the existing trees the ground. Despite the intensity of the
fire, some soils remained. Total biomass, species richness, and net productivity were reduced significantly after the initial disturbance. There have not
been any more fires since. Twenty years after the fire, there are medium-sized trees and bushes growing, as well as ferns and flowering plants. The
forest is in the middle, or intermediate, stage of succession. How has the current stage of succession affected total biomass, species richness, and
net productivity of the ecosystem?
O Total biomass remained the same, species richness decreased, net productivity remained the same
O Total biomass increased, species richness increased, net productivity decreased
O Total biomass increased, species richness increased, net…
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- INTERTRET DATA Scientists have compiled databases of large forest wildfires in the western United States and compared them to climate and land-surface data. Examine the graph showing wildfire frequency compared to average springsummer temperature. Do you see a correlation? If so, describe it. Based on these data, do you think that climate warming is causing more wildfires? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following threats to terrestrial biomes is FALSE? O Exploration of oil and gas threaten both boreal forest and tundra ecosystems. O Climate change, farming practices, and overgrazing are leading to the desertification of tropical savannas. O Logging for timber poses a greater threat to tropical rain forests compared to effects of large-scale agriculture. O Human-mediated changes in the frequency and intensity of fire are threatening Mediterranean shrublands.arrow_forwardo determine the role of a native starfish species in a coastal ecosystem, zoologist Robert Paine removed starfish from some intertidal pools and not others. He then observed how the community changed in response to the loss of starfish by comparing the diversity of the community in the pools where starfish had been removed to the diversity in pools where he had let the starfish remain. By removing starfish from some pools, what global change driver was Robert Paine investigating? overexploitation pollution climate change invasive species habitat lossarrow_forward
- What ecological concept is being shown in this graph? In what areacan we apply this concept? Explain your answer and provideexamples.arrow_forwardThe study on Global Ecology shows that USA uses 10.3 ha per indiviual but has only 6.7 ha per citizen available. The worlds population is now 7 billion and the globe as a whole has 1.7 ha for each person. Discuss in view of the above scenerio the question; 'Can our current habits of energy and resources use be sustained?'arrow_forwardPart B-Interactions in the ecosystems Throughout this unit we have been examining how an organism Interacts with the living and non-living elements in an ecosystem. We Fve discussed and investigated predator/prey relationships as well as Tood chains and webs, Now it is time to put that knowledge into practice and explore some of the interactions between different components in your ecosystem apply it. Your Goal: Using the model ecosystem you have just created, you will generate one food chain/web. Method 1. Using your model, show 1 food web that contains at least 8 elements. You must include a producer, consumer and a secondary consumer. They must be realistic feeding relationships! (You may need to add an element to your ecosystem model). Remember, a food web contains many food chains; make sure your consumers have a variety of food to eat. a primary Önly for the elements in your food web - add to their labels whether it is a producer or consumer. Each consumer must be labelled as a…arrow_forward
- 0 A.) Benefits humans receive from ecosystem processes minimum viable population size need to identify and support (e) Conservation biology seeks to conserve may involve ecosystems and landscapes may be protected in nature reserves attempt to restore may be (d) (b) B. the monetary value of a product which uses restoratio n projects which support sustainable development (c) to detoxify or replenish degraded ecosystemsarrow_forwardConservation 1. Contrast wilderness areas with wildlife refuges. Do you think each of these areas continue to fulfilltheir original purpose for which they were created? 2. How do the principles of island biogeography (the “island” drawings & examples in the lecture video)highlight these two important issues for conservation, especially for areas in the middle of developedlandscapes?a. Size of area preserved -b. Distance from “mainland” - 3. What is the “edge” and “core” area of a reserve? Why is it so important to maximize “core” habitats?arrow_forwardWhy is regular burning (thru natural fires) an important part of maintaining the health of grasslands and coniferous forests? Identify benefits that are specific to each biome. Also, discuss how suppressing fires could negatively affect each system.arrow_forward
- Anthropogenic Land-use. A. Human activity engineers landscapes into a highly heterogenous environments which according to the biodiversity global patterns (specie area curves) should drive up the number of species present in that landscape. Explain why this is not the case in human dominated landscapes. B. How does fragmentation drive decision making in land conservation? is there a better approach, over others, for anthropogenic landscapes? (hint -SLOSS) C. Why do mainland (continental islands) generally support greater diversity than oceanic islands? reason your opinion.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the biodiversity of an ecosystem and the productivity of an ecosystem? equal inversely proportional directly proportional There is no relationship.arrow_forwardIf the human population were to stabilize tomorrow and never reach 8 billion people, would that solve all our environmental problems? Why or why not? What conditions might get better, and what challenges might remain?arrow_forward
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