Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7.2, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
Bacterial chromosome is circular in shape. The entire genome of the prokaryotes lies in this circle however in some cases additional circles are seen known as plasmids. Reproduction in bacteria occurs by binary fission. When the bacterial DNA (deoxyribo
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - What is the utility of a reporter gene?Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.3 - What is the divisome?Ch. 7.3 - How does FtsZ find the cell midpoint of a...Ch. 7.3 - What is the role of the penicillin-binding protein...Ch. 7.4 - How does MreB control the shape of a rod-shaped...
Ch. 7.4 - What protein is thought to control the shape of...Ch. 7.4 - What relationships exist between cytoskeletal...Ch. 7.4 - What morphology do cells have that lack MreB or...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.5 - What is transpeptidation and why is it important...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.6 - How are different sets of genes expressed in the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.7 - Why are the levels of DnaA protein controlled...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.8 - What is the major transcriptional regulator that...Ch. 7.8 - What is meant by "patterning" during heterocyst...Ch. 7.9 - What are the four basic stages of biofilm...Ch. 7.9 - Besides autoinducer synthesis, what intracellular...Ch. 7.9 - What type of genes does c-di-GMP activate during...Ch. 7.10 - Describe two targets of antibiotics and discuss...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.11 - Is persistence a heritable trait?Ch. 7.11 - What prevents the toxin component of TA modules...Ch. 7.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7 - If DnaA was not regulated in Escherichia coli and...Ch. 7 - Explain how cells exhibiting different phenotypes...Ch. 7 - Describe how you would genetically design a...
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- An article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference from the polymerase used in transcription of mRNA and the polymerase used during DNA replication that occurs in the S Phase of interphase? What isarrow_forwardSince eukaryotic chromosomes are assembled with histone proteins, how are replication and transcription carried out? Describe the mechanisms.arrow_forward
- What is The molecular mechanisms governing the initia-tion of DNA replication.arrow_forwardAssume that a certain bacterial chromosome has one origin of replication. Under some conditions of rapid celldivision, replication could start from the origin before thepreceding replication cycle is complete. How many replication forks would be present under these conditions?arrow_forwardEukaryotic licensing factors prevent DNA replication from being initiated at origins more than once in the cell cycle. After replication has begun at an origin, a protein called Geminin inhibits licensing factors that are required for MCM2-7 to bind to an origin and initiate replication. Thus, when Geminin is present, MCM2-7 will not bind to an origin. At the end of mitosis, Geminin is degraded, allowing MCM2-7 to bind once again to DNA and relicense the origin. Marina Melixetian and her colleagues suppressed the expression of Geminin protein in human cells by treating the cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) complementary to Geminin messenger RNA (M. Melixetian et al. 2004. Journal of Cell Biology 165:473–482). (Small interfering RNAs form a complex with proteins and pair with complementary sequences on mRNAs; the complex then cleaves the mRNA, so there is no translation of the mRNA; . Forty-eight hours after treatment with siRNA, the Geminin-depleted cells were enlarged and…arrow_forward
- Eukaryotic licensing factors prevent DNA replication from being initiated at origins more than once in the cell cycle. After replication has begun at an origin, a protein called Geminin inhibits licensing factors that are required for MCM2-7 to bind to an origin and initiate replication. Thus, when Geminin is present, MCM2-7 will not bind to an origin. At the end of mitosis, Geminin is degraded, allowing MCM2-7 to bind once again to DNA and relicense the origin. Marina Melixetian and her colleagues suppressed the expression of Geminin protein in human cells by treating the cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) complementary to Geminin messenger RNA . Forty-eight hours after treatment with siRNA, the Geminin-depleted cells were enlarged and contained a single giant nucleus. Analysis of DNA content showed that many of these Geminin-depleted cells were 4 n or greater. Explain these results.arrow_forwardWhat is the primary function of DNA replication in adult human somatic cells?arrow_forwardIn eukaryotes, the Replication factor C (RFC) is a clamp loader. In the absence of RFC, what would be the consequences to the outcome of DNA replication? Explain.arrow_forward
- 1) A bacterial chromosome contains 6.4 million nucleotides of DNA. If synthesis at each replication fork occurs at a rate of 1800 nucleotides per second, how many minutes will it take to completely replicate the chromosome with theta replication? 2) What different mRNA sequences can code for a polypeptide chain with the amino acid sequence Met-Trp-Ile? (Include the stop codon)arrow_forwarda) Under normal conditions E. coli produces three DNA polymerases. State their functional similarities and differences. b) List the other proteins and enzymes involved in DNA replication in E.coli and give their functions.arrow_forwardContrast the mobilization mechanisms ofretrotransposons and DNA transposons.arrow_forward
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